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Histological Comparison of New Biodegradable Magnesium-Based Implants for Maxillofacial Applications

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Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

A variety of materials have been used for bone augmentation, distraction osteotomy, and in post-cancer patients following tumor removal. However, a temporary metal implant that would resorb after successful treatment is a new concept. Magnesium was suggested as a suitable material for these purposes because it is biocompatible, has better mechanical properties than titanium, and stimulates new bone formation. This study evaluates histological appearance of magnesium-based implants and the surrounding bone.

Materials and Methods

Three magnesium-based biomaterials were tested in a rabbit bone defect model: magnesium–hydroxyapatite (Mg–HA), W4 (96 % magnesium, 4 % yttrium), and pure magnesium (pure Mg). Animals were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks and the samples were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.

Results

Mg–HA had the highest mean amount of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells at the implantation site of all groups. It had shown the fastest degradation rate already at 6 weeks but the least amount of new bone formation. New bone was seen forming in direct contact with pure Mg and W4. The mean gas volume was highest in W4 compared to pure Mg and Mg–HA but this difference was not statistically significant. W4 had the lowest mean number of TRAP-positive cells of all materials.

Conclusion

Pure Mg and W4 were shown to be the most promising materials in this study in respect to the bone response to the implant material. They could be used for screws and plates in bone augmentation procedures.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to sincerely thank Ida Oberst, Iris Schütz and Rainer Braun from the Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany, for their technical assistance.

Conflict of interests

The authors would like to declare no conflict of interests involved during conduction and preparation of this publication.

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Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. BFS, Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany

      Olga Charyeva, Ulrich Thormann, Katrin S. Lips, Ursula Sommer, Volker Alt & Reinhard Schnettler

    2. aap Biomaterials GmbH, Lagerstrasse 11-15, 64807, Dieburg, Germany

      Olga Charyeva & Lydia Heimann

    3. Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 9, 35385, Giessen, Germany

      Ulrich Thormann, Gabor Szalay, Volker Alt & Reinhard Schnettler

    4. Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Marienburgstr. 2, 60528, Frankfurt on Main, Germany

      Michael Rauschmann & Sven Schmidt

    5. Magnesium Innovation Centre, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

      Norbert Hort

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    1. Olga Charyeva
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    Correspondence to Olga Charyeva.

    Additional information

    Olga Charyeva and Ulrich Thormann have contributed equally to the paper.

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    Charyeva, O., Thormann, U., Lips, K.S. et al. Histological Comparison of New Biodegradable Magnesium-Based Implants for Maxillofacial Applications. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. 14, 637–645 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-015-0743-z

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-015-0743-z

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