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Quels sont les principaux troubles du sommeil rencontrés au cours des syndromes parkinsoniens ?

Main sleep disorders in parkinsonian syndromes

  • Article Original / Original Article
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Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

Les troubles du sommeil et de la vigilance sont très fréquents au cours de la maladie de Parkinson et des syndromes parkinsoniens. Près de 30 % des patients parkinsoniens présentent une somnolence diurne excessive, 15 à 59 % développent des troubles du comportement en sommeil paradoxal et 60 % se plaignent d’insomnie. Dans l’atrophie multisystématisée (AMS) et la démence à corps de Lewy diffus, ces troubles sont encore plus fréquents puisque la plupart des patients rapportent des troubles du comportement en sommeil paradoxal, et plus de la moitié se plaignent d’insomnie. Un quart des patients atteints d’AMS se plaignent de somnolence. Au cours de l’AMS, on retrouve un trouble de la ventilation nocturne extrêmement pénible pour le patient et qui grève le pronostic de la maladie : le stridor. Dans la dégénérescence corticobasale et la paralysie supranucléaire progressive, l’insomnie et la somnolence diurne sont fréquemment rapportées mais les troubles du comportement en sommeil paradoxal sont exceptionnels. En effet, ces troubles sont rares dans les tauopathies et semblent préférentiellement associés aux synucléinopathies.

Abstract

Sleep disorders are frequent in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndroms. About 30% of the patients with PD complain of excessive daytime sleepiness, 15 to 59% develop REM sleep behavior disorders (RBD) and 60% report insomnia. In patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy bodies, these disorders are even more frequent. Almost all patients develop RBD, and half of them complain about insomnia. In MSA, 25% of the patients complain about excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with MSA may also present a disabling sleep disordered breathing that reduces their life expectancy namely stridor. In cortico basal degeneration and progressive supra nuclear palsy, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are also frequent but RBD are rare since this sleep disorder seems to be preferentially associated with synucleinopathies and rarely associated with tauopathies.

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  1. Unité des troubles du sommeil et de l’éveil, service de neurologie, CHU Gui de Chauliac, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche, F-34295, Montpellier cedex 5, France

    V. Cochen De Cock

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Correspondence to V. Cochen De Cock.

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Cochen De Cock, V. Quels sont les principaux troubles du sommeil rencontrés au cours des syndromes parkinsoniens ?. cah. année gerontol. 4, 68–73 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-012-0262-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-012-0262-1

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