Abstract
Objectives
The present study examined whether the combination of self-reported mobility decline (SR-MD) and cognitive decline (SR-CD) was associated with mortality and new long-term care insurance (LTCI) service certifications based on sex and age.
Design
A prospective cohort study.
Setting and Participants
We analyzed cohort data from a sample of older adult residents in Kami Town, Japan. The response rate was 94.3%, and we followed 5,094 older adults for 3 years. Full analyses were conducted on 5,076 participants.
Measures
A total of four groups were determined through self-reported responses on the Kihon Checklist for SR-MD (a score of 3 or more on 5 items) and SR-CD (a score of 1 or more on 3 items): non-SR-cognitive frailty, non-SR-MD & SR-CD, SR-MD & non-SR-CD, and SR-cognitive frailty.
Results
Main outcomes included mortality (n = 262) or new certifications for LTCI services (n = 708) during the 3-year period. Excluding overlapping, this included 845 older adults (16.6%). Among men, prevalence of non-SR-cognitive frailty, non-SR-MD & SR-CD, SR-MD & non-SR-CD, and SR-cognitive frailty (SR-MD & SR-CD) was 48.2%, 26.4%, 11.5%, and 13.8%, respectively. Respective rates for women were 45.7%, 15.5%, 23.1%, and 15.7%. Multivariate analyses revealed that for men, SR-MD & non-SR-CD significantly affected adverse health outcomes, leading to earlier negative outcomes relative to the non-SR-MD & SR-CD group. For women, non-SR-MD & SR-CD and SR-MD & non-SR-CD had similar slopes.
Conclusions
The impact of SR-MD or SR-CD on adverse health outcomes differed as a function of age and sex. Thus, we need to consider preventive approaches according to these specific target group features.
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We are extremely grateful to all the study participants and staff from the Kami Town Hall, who assisted with this study.
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Okura, M., Ogita, M. & Arai, H. Self-Reported Cognitive Frailty Predicts Adverse Health Outcomes for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Based on an Analysis of Sex and Age. J Nutr Health Aging 23, 654–664 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1217-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1217-7