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In Vivo Assessment of Immunogenicity and Toxicity of the Bacteriocin TSU4 in BALB/c Mice

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Abstract

Bacteriocin TSU4 is a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from Catla catla gut isolate Lactobacillus animalis TSU4. It has been reported for its potential antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. In vivo safety evaluation is necessary to determine its immunogenicity, toxicity, and importance in real-life applications. The present study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of bacteriocin TSU4 in BALB/c mice to ensure its safety in industrial application. Male BALB/c mice were administered intraperitoneally for immunogenicity assessment, by oral gavage with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/body weight for acute test and 0.5 mg/kg/day dose of bacteriocin TSU4 for sub-chronic toxicity test. Neither mortality nor any infections were observed during experimental period. There was no major increase in antibody titer during the immunogenicity test, and no mortality was observed during acute or sub-chronic toxicity tests. The LD50 value of bacteriocin TSU4 was found to be higher than 200 ± 0.45 mg/kg. No significant change in the serum biochemical markers, histopathological analysis and visual observation in spleen sizes was observed. These findings revealed that bacteriocin TSU4 is a non-immunogenic, safe, non-toxic, and could be a potential candidate for industrial applications in food preservation and aquaculture industries.

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Abbreviations

AMPs:

Antimicrobial peptides

BC:

Bowman’s capsule

BLS:

Bacteriocin-like substance

body wt.:

Body weight

CV:

Central vein

D:

Distal convoluted tubule

G:

Glomerulus

KC:

Kupffer cells

L. :

Lactobacillus

LB:

Luria Bertani

LD:

Lethal dose

MRS:

deMan Rogosa Sharpe

P:

Proximal convoluted tubule

PBS:

Phosphate buffer saline

SGOT:

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

SGPT:

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Intas Pharmaceutical Limited (Biopharma Division), Nirma Education and Research Foundation (NERF), Ahmedabad (India) and School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur (India), for providing research and infrastructure facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India

    Tapasa Kumar Sahoo & Amiya Kumar Patel

  2. Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India

    Prasant Kumar Jena, Bhumika Prajapati, Laxita Gehlot & Sriram Seshadri

  3. Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Research-3, Suite-3400 B, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA

    Prasant Kumar Jena

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  1. Tapasa Kumar Sahoo
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Correspondence to Amiya Kumar Patel or Sriram Seshadri.

Ethics declarations

The procedure used for study followed the guidelines and approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) (Protocol No. IS/FAC/13-1/038), and experiments were carried out in animal house, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Sahoo, T.K., Jena, P.K., Prajapati, B. et al. In Vivo Assessment of Immunogenicity and Toxicity of the Bacteriocin TSU4 in BALB/c Mice. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 9, 345–354 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-016-9249-3

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