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Occurrence and Trend of Hepatitis A Virus in Bivalve Molluscs Production Areas Following a Contamination Event

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the trend of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a coastal zone impacted by a contamination event, providing data for the development of management strategies. A total of 352 samples, including four bivalve mollusc species (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Solen vagina, Venus gallina and Donax trunculus), were taken over a period of 6 months from 27 production areas of the coast and analysis were performed according to ISO/TS 15216-1:2013. HAV presence was detected in 77 samples from 11 production areas and all positive results were related to samples collected in the first 3 months of the surveillance, during which HAV prevalence was 39.9% and values as high as 5096 genome copies/g were detected. A progressive reduction of viral contamination was evident during the first trimester of the monitoring, with prevalence decreasing from 78.8% in the first month, to 37.8% in the second and 3.9% in the third and quantitative levels reduced from an average value of 672 genome copies/g to 255 genome copies/g over a period of 4 weeks (virus half-life: 21.5 days). A regression analysis showed that, during the decreasing phase of the contamination, the data fitted a reciprocal quadratic model (Ra2 = 0.921) and, based on the model, a residual presence of HAV could be estimated after negativization of the production areas. The statistical analysis of the results per shellfish species and per production area showed that there were limited differences in contamination prevalence and levels among diverse bivalve species, while a statistically significant difference was present in quantitative levels of one production area. These data could be useful for the development of both risk assessment models and code of practice for the management of viral contamination in primary production.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Italian Ministry of Health in the framework of the Ricerca Finalizzata 2011–2012, project RF 2011-02349693 “Vibrio and viruses in shellfish: old and emerging pathogens. Evaluation of exposure levels for the implementation of prevention strategies”.

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  1. Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Elisabetta Suffredini, Simona Di Pasquale, Maria Losardo, Loredana Cozzi & Dario De Medici

  2. Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy

    Yolande Thérèse Rose Proroga, Orlandina Di Maro & Federico Capuano

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  1. Elisabetta Suffredini
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  2. Yolande Thérèse Rose Proroga
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Correspondence to Elisabetta Suffredini.

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Suffredini, E., Proroga, Y.T.R., Di Pasquale, S. et al. Occurrence and Trend of Hepatitis A Virus in Bivalve Molluscs Production Areas Following a Contamination Event. Food Environ Virol 9, 423–433 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-017-9302-8

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