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Development of a Practical Method to Detect Noroviruses Contamination in Composite Meals

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Abstract

Various methods to detect foodborne viruses including norovirus (NoV) in contaminated food have been developed. However, a practical method suitable for routine examination that can be applied for the detection of NoVs in oily, fatty, or emulsive food has not been established. In this study, we developed a new extraction and concentration method for detecting NoVs in contaminated composite meals. We spiked NoV-GI.4 or -GII.4 stool suspension into potato salad and stir-fried noodles. The food samples were suspended in homogenizing buffer and centrifuged to obtain a food emulsion. Then, anti-NoV-GI.4 or anti-NoV-GII.4 rabbit serum raised against recombinant virus-like particles or commercially available human gamma globulin and Staphylococcus aureus fixed with formalin as a source of protein A were added to the food emulsion. NoV-IgG-protein A-containing bacterial complexes were collected by centrifugation, and viral RNA was extracted. The detection limits of NoV RNA were 10–35 copies/g food for spiked NoVs in potato salad and stir-fried noodles. Human gamma globulin could also concentrate other NoV genotypes as well as other foodborne viruses, including sapovirus, hepatitis A virus, and adenovirus. This newly developed method can be used as to identify NoV contamination in composite foods and is also possibly applicable to other foodborne viruses.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants for Research on Food Safety from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. We sincerely thank Dr Naokazu Takeda from the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, for providing technical advice and reviewing a draft protocol of this study. We thank Dr Tomoichiro Oka from the Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases for his review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6 Senshu-Kubotamachi, Akita, 010-0874, Japan

    Hiroyuki Saito

  2. Fukui Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment Science, Fukui, 910-8551, Japan

    Miho Toho

  3. Sakai City Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 590-0953, Japan

    Tomoyuki Tanaka

  4. Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan

    Mamoru Noda

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  1. Hiroyuki Saito
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  2. Miho Toho
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  4. Mamoru Noda
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Correspondence to Hiroyuki Saito.

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Saito, H., Toho, M., Tanaka, T. et al. Development of a Practical Method to Detect Noroviruses Contamination in Composite Meals. Food Environ Virol 7, 239–248 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9191-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-015-9191-7

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