Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Range–Angle-Dependent Beamforming for Cognitive Antenna Array Radar with Frequency Diversity

  • Published:
Cognitive Computation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The inspiration behind a basic cognitive radar is the analogy between human brain and radar signal processing techniques. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model of cognitive frequency diverse array radar with adaptive range–angle-dependent beamforming. Cognitive radar properties have been incorporated to enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio and detection capability. The proposed receiver estimates the current and future target position and tunnels this information to the transmitter as feedback. Since frequency diverse array uses a small frequency increment across the antenna elements to generate a range–angle-dependent beam pattern, the proposed scheme provides an analytical formula to compute this frequency increment based on the feedback. This saves a lot of power and reduces computational complexity. In addition, the electromagnetic pollution of environment is decreased. Monte Carlo-based simulation results have been provided to validate the performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Haykin S, Zia A, Xue Y, Arasaratnam I. Control-theoretic approach to tracking radar: first step towards cognition. Digital Signal Process. 2011;21:576–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Haykin S. Neural networks and learning machines. 3rd ed. USA: Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Haykin S, Fuster J.M. On cognitive dynamic systems: cognitive neuroscience and engineering learning from each other. Proceedings of the IEEE. April 2014; 608–628.

  4. Dasgupta D, Michalewicz Z. Evolutionary algorithms in engineering applications. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag; 1997.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Gavan J, Ishay JS. Hypothesis of natural radar tracking and communication direction finding systems affecting hornets flight. Prog Electromag Res. 2001;34:299–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Haykin S. Cognitive radar: a way of the future. IEEE Signal Process Mag. 2006;23:30–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fiori S. Learning the Fréchet mean over the manifold of symmetric positive-definite matrices. Cognitive Computation. 2009;1:279–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Xue Y. Cognitive radar: theory and simulations: Phd.thesis. Canada: The school of graduate studies at McMaster University; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kershaw DJ, Evans RJ. Optimal waveform selection for tracking systems. IEEE Trans Inf Theory. 1994;40:1536–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Müller VC. Autonomous cognitive systems in real-world environments: less Control, more flexibility and better interaction. Cognitive Computation. 2012;4(3):212–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Guerci JR. Cognitive radar: the knowledge-aided fully adaptive approach. MA: Artech House Reading; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Haykin, S, Amin Z; Arasaratnam I, Xue Y. Cognitive tracking radar. IEEE radar conference 10–14 May 2010; 1467–1470.

  13. Haykin S, Xue Y, Setoodeh P. Cognitive radar: step toward bridging the gap between neuroscience and engineering. Proc IEEE. 2012;100:3102–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Karaboga D, Guney K. A simple formula obtained using tabu search algorithm for the radiation efficiency of a resonant rectangular microstrip antenna. Turkish J. Electr Eng Comput. 1999;7:19–28.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mouhamadou M, Vaudon P, Rammal M. Smart antenna array patterns synthesis: null steering and multi-user beamforming by phase control. Prog Electromagn Res. 2006;60:95–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Antonik P, Wicks MC, Griffiths HD, Baker CJ. Frequency diverse array radars. IEEE conference on radar 2006.

  17. Antonik P. An investigation of a frequency diverse array: London: University College London Bloomsbury; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Secmen M, Demir S, Hizal A, Eker T. Frequency diverse array antenna with periodic time modulated pattern in range and angle. IEEE conference on radar 2007; 427–430.

  19. Huang J, Tong K, Baker CJ. Frequency diverse array with beam scanning feature. Antennas and propagation society international symposium 2008; 1–4.

  20. Wang WQ, Shao H, Cai J. Range-angle-dependent beamforming by frequency diverse array antenna. Int J Antennas Propag. 2012;2012:760489.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Basit A, Qureshi IM, Khan W, Ulhaq I, Khan SU. Hybridization of cognitive radar and phased array radar having low probability of intercept transmit beamforming. Int J Antennas Propag. 2014;2014:129170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Grewal MS, Andrews AP. Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice, Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Herman SM. A particle filtering approach to joint passive radar tracking and target classification. Theses: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Widrow B, Stearns SD. Adaptive Signal Processing. Englewood cliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc.; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wang WQ, Shao H. Range-angle localization of targets by a double-pulse frequency diverse array radar. IEEE J Sel. Top Signal Process. 2014;8(1):106–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Abdul Basit, Wasim Khan & Aqdas Naveed Malik

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi

Authors
  1. Abdul Basit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wasim Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aqdas Naveed Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdul Basit.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Basit, A., Qureshi, I.M., Khan, W. et al. Range–Angle-Dependent Beamforming for Cognitive Antenna Array Radar with Frequency Diversity. Cogn Comput 8, 204–216 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-015-9348-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-015-9348-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation