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Clinical characteristics and survival outcome of breast cancer in southwest Nigerian women

Caractéristiques cliniques et résultat de survie des femmes du Sud-Ouest nigérian atteintes de cancer du sein

  • Original Article / Article Original
  • Published:
Journal Africain du Cancer / African Journal of Cancer

Abstract

Background

Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. There is paucity of data on breast cancer incidence, epidemiological features, treatment and survival in our environment and, thus, the aim of this study is to document our findings on the clinical characteristics and survival outcome of patients seen in one of the teaching hospitals in Nigeria.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective non-selective cohort study of 139 consecutive cases of breast cancer seen in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2008. Appropriate treatment was given after histological confirmation. Follow up was for a minimum of 36 months. Patients were classified into various groups based on age, menstrual status, parity, body mass index (BMI), histological stage and lump size. Results were analyzed using SPSS, and were expressed in percentages and frequency tables. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for each group and test of equality of survival for each group, Mantel-Cox, was done. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results

All 139 patients were female. The mean age was 48.1, and commonest symptom was lumps in 100 (72%) cases and mean duration of symptoms was 10.1 months. The mean lump size was 8.2 cm. Five patients had Manchester stage 1 while 39 patients (28%) had stage 4. The mean duration of survival was 29.8 months. Sixty-three (45.2%) patients survived for 36 months and more. There was no significant difference in survival in patients who were below 40 years and those above 40 years. Survival was better in patients with lumps less than 5 cm than those with lumps bigger than 5 cm (p < 0.001), at premenopausal than postmenopausal (p = 0.015) stage and at stages 1 and 2 than stages 3 and 4 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Breast cancer presentation and survival in our study is characterized by late presentation, affecting predominantly premenopausal women and with poor overall survival. There is a need to increase awareness and set up screening programmes to promote early detection and treatment.

Résumé

Contexte

Le cancer du sein est la première cause de décès par cancer dans le monde. Il existe peu de données relatives à l’incidence du cancer du sein, aux critères épidémiologiques, au traitement et au taux de survie dans notre environnement. Le but de cette étude est donc de documenter nos résultats sur les caractéristiques cliniques et le résultat de survie de sujets soignés dans l’un des hôpitaux universitaires du Nigéria.

Matériel et méthode

Il s’agit d’une étude prospective non sélective de cohorte portant sur 139 cas consécutifs de cancer du sein soignés à l’Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital de Sagamu, État d’Ogun, Nigéria, entre le 1er janvier 2004 et le 31 décembre 2008. Un traitement approprié a été administré après la confirmation histologique. Le suivi était d’au moins 36 mois. Les sujets étaient répartis en plusieurs groupes selon l’âge, la situation menstruelle, la parité, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), le stade histologique et la taille de la tumeur. Les résultats ont été analysés avec SPSS et exprimés en pourcentages et en tables de fréquence. Les courbes de survie de Kaplan-Meier ont été tracées pour chaque groupe, et un test d’égalité des fonctions de survie Mantel-Cox a été appliqué à chaque groupe. La valeur p inférieure à 0,05 a été jugée significative.

Résultats

Les 139 sujets étaient des femmes. L’âge moyen était de 48,1 ans, le symptôme le plus courant était une grosseur, 100 cas (72 %), et la durée moyenne des symptômes était de 10,1 mois. La taille moyenne des grosseurs était de 8,2 cm. Cinq sujets se trouvaient au stade 1 du score de Manchester et 39 (28 %) au stade 4. La durée de survie moyenne était de 29,8 mois. Soixante-trois sujets (45,2 %) ont survécu 36 mois et plus. Aucune différence significative n’a été constatée dans la survie des sujets âgés de moins de 40 ans et de plus de 40 ans. Le taux de survie s’est avéré supérieur chez les sujets dont la grosseur était inférieure à 5 cm, par rapport à ceux dont la grosseur excédait 5 cm (p < 0,001), de même chez les sujets en préménopause plutôt qu’en postménopause (p = 0,015) et de stades 1 et 2 plutôt que de stades 3 et 4 (p < 0,001).

Conclusion

La présentation du cancer du sein et la survie dans notre étude sont caractérisées par une présentation tardive affectant surtout les femmes en préménopause et un faible taux de survie global. Il est nécessaire de mener des actions de sensibilisation et de mettre en place des programmes de dépistage afin de promouvoir un dépistage et des soins précoces.

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Correspondence to B. A. Ayoade.

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Ayoade, B.A., Agboola, A.J., Olatunji, A.A. et al. Clinical characteristics and survival outcome of breast cancer in southwest Nigerian women. J Afr Cancer 6, 79–84 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12558-014-0311-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12558-014-0311-8

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