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The fossil record of the Neogene Carnivore Mammals from Spain

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Abstract

Carnivore mammals (Carnivora, Mammalia) constitute a significant component of the Spanish Neogene faunas, not so much due to their fossil abundance, which is generally low, but rather because of their high degree of taxonomic diversity. We assessed their evolutionary dynamics from the fossil record of Iberian carnivores using per-taxon rates of origination, extinctions and turnover combined with a recent approach for removing the sampling signal from diversity curves. Our analysis interval covers most of the Neogene and the early Pleistocene (MN 2 to MN 17), spanning from around 21.6 to 1.8 Ma. We identified six carnivore associations by applying factor analysis to our data. The diversification pattern shows four origination episodes: MN4, MN7/8, MN12 and MN14. We also identified four extinction episodes. The first two are coincident with the onset of the MN 4 and MN7/8 faunas. The last two extinction episodes take place during MN9, coinciding with the Mid Vallesian Crisis (MVC), and MN13, co-occurring with the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Two major turnover pulses are recognised during MN4 and MN14, the turnover rate remaining moderately high between MN6 and MN13. We suggest that the pattern observed might be primarily triggered by the biogeographic and climatic shifts that took place during the Neogene.

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Acknowledgements

We first wish to thank the editors for the invitation to participate in this tribute to Prof. Albert van der Meulen. We also wish to thank Dr. Lars van den Hoek Ostende, Dr. Pablo Peláez-Campomanes, Dr. Martin Sabol, as well as an anonymous reviewer and Dr. Sinje Weber for their useful comments on the manuscripts. Thanks are due to Cormac de Brun for the manuscript revision. The authors are also grateful to Project CGL2011-25754, MINECO (Spanish Government) and to Research Group BSCH-UCM 910607. J.A. would like to thank the “Proyecto Prometeo” of the “Secretaria de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación”, Republic of Ecuador. A.V. is a trainee researcher of CSIC program JAE-PRE-CP2011 (CSIC program “Junta para la ampliación de estudios”), co-funded by the European Social Fund. D.H. is a trainee researcher of the FPU 2013 program granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Jorge Morales, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Daniel Hontecillas, Susana Fraile & Blanca A. García Yelo

  2. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany

    Juan L. Cantalapiedra

  3. Departamento de Geología Sedimentaria y Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM), José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Valenciano

  4. Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas UCM, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Valenciano

  5. Departament de Geologia, Àrea de Paleontologia, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain

    Plinio Montoya

  6. Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, Ecuador

    Juan Abella

  7. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de la UAB s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    Juan Abella

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  1. Jorge Morales
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  2. Juan L. Cantalapiedra
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  3. Alberto Valenciano
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  4. Daniel Hontecillas
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  6. Blanca A. García Yelo
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  7. Plinio Montoya
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  8. Juan Abella
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Correspondence to Jorge Morales.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue "Old worlds, new ideas. A tribute to Albert van der Meulen".

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Figure 1

Cenozoic basins from the Iberian Peninsula with carnivore fossil sites used in this study (PDF 2300 kb)

Table 1

Distribution of genera per MN zones. 1 = Creodonta; 2 = Amphicyonidae; 3 = Canidae; 4 = Ailuridae; 5 = Hemicyonidae; 6 = Ursidae; 7 = Mustelidae; 8 = Mephitidae; 9 = Herpestidae + Viverridae; 10 = Hyaenidae + Percrocutidae; 11 = Barbourofelidae; 12 = Felidae (XLSX 50.3 kb)

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Morales, J., Cantalapiedra, J.L., Valenciano, A. et al. The fossil record of the Neogene Carnivore Mammals from Spain. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 95, 373–386 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-015-0206-z

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