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The effects of nocturnal electromyographic biofeedback on sleep quality and psychological stress

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international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine

Abstract

Background

Sleep bruxism (SB) causes many dental problems and complications with fixed partial dentures on implants. Although it is an important issue in clinical dentistry, no reliable treatment is available for SB. In the present study, we employed the electromyographic biofeedback device SleepGuardTM, which is attached to the forehead, detects SB, and alerts subjects with a gentle beeping sound to stop SB. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of biofeedback treatment on the incidence of masticatory muscle activity, sleep quality, and psychological stress levels.

Materials and methods

Ten subjects (five male and five female subjects) participated in the study, and a crossover design was used. Sleep measurements were taken on three consecutive nights to obtain data without SleepGuardTM (baseline group), with SleepGuardTM with the beeping sound (on group), and with SleepGuardTM without the beeping sound (off group). Data obtained on the final day were evaluated. STAI-JYZ scores were assessed and salivary chromogranin A (CgA) levels and cortisol concentrations were measured to compare psychological and physical stress after sleep. Friedman’s and Dunn’s tests were used to compare each parameter among the three groups.

Results

A marked decrease was observed in the incidence of SB events per hour in seven subjects in the on group. The beeping of SleepGuardTM did not affect the percentage of sleep stages, salivary CgA levels, cortisol concentrations, or STAI-JYZ scores.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that biofeedback therapy with a beeping sound inhibited SB without negatively impacting sleep quality or psychological stress.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant (24592926) for Science Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Tokyo, Japan. Masaki Yoshida is representative director of SleepWell, Osaka, Japan. Their contribution to this research included providing the portable one-channel EEG devices and technical support for the experiments.

Conflict of interest

S. Goto, C. Masaki, T. Mukaibo, H. Takahashi, Y. Kondo, T. Nakamoto, and R. Hosokawa state that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, 803-8580, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

    Syuichiro Goto DDS, Chihiro Masaki PhD, Taro Mukaibo PhD, Hidetaka Takahashi PhD, Yusuke Kondo PhD, Tetsuji Nakamoto PhD & Ryuji Hosokawa PhD

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  1. Syuichiro Goto DDS
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  2. Chihiro Masaki PhD
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  3. Taro Mukaibo PhD
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  4. Hidetaka Takahashi PhD
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  5. Yusuke Kondo PhD
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  6. Tetsuji Nakamoto PhD
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  7. Ryuji Hosokawa PhD
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Correspondence to Chihiro Masaki PhD.

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Goto, S., Masaki, C., Mukaibo, T. et al. The effects of nocturnal electromyographic biofeedback on sleep quality and psychological stress. J. Stomat. Occ. Med. 8, 63–69 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12548-015-0131-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12548-015-0131-9

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