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Sub/fossil resin research in the 21st Century: trends and perspectives

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Abstract

Within the last few decades technological advances such as the Internet and new imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomography and synchrotron scanning) have revolutionized how we do research in the 21st century. High-quality publications resulting from international, interdisciplinary collaborations are now commonplace, though there is still much scope for improvement in certain branches of amber palaeobiology. Here, I review what I consider to be some of the most important trends in amber research over the past decade or so and highlight areas deserving of more focussed input. Topics covered include summaries of our current knowledge of palaeodiversity of the major world deposits, important new Cenozoic and Mesozoic amber deposits, palaeo-taxonomy (and over-interpretation of fossil inclusions), advances in imaging technologies, quantitative palaeoecology, and climate change and biogeography. The potential scientific value of inclusions in copal, a source of sub-fossils that is often considered unimportant due to its relatively young age, is also briefly discussed.

Kurzfassung

Innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte haben technologischer Fortschritt, bspw. mit Internet und neuen bildgebenden Verfahren, wie der Computertomographie bzw. der Synchrotron-Computertomographie, die Forschungsarbeit zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts revolutioniert. Publikationen höchster Qualität aus internationaler und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit sind alltäglich geworden, obwohl es in einigen Bereichen der Bernstein-Paläobiologie noch Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten gibt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit fasse ich die aus meiner Sicht wichtigsten Trends in der Bernsteinforschung der letzten Jahrzehnte zusammen, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf Bereiche gelegt wurde, die einen stärkeren Fokus verdienen. Themen sind u. a. Zusammenfassungen zur Paläobiodiversität der weltweit bedeutendsten Lagerstätten, einige wichtige neue känozoische und mesozoische Lagerstätten, “Paläo-Taxonomie” (und die Überinterpretation von Bernsteininklusen), Fortschritte im Bereich bildgebender Verfahren, die quantitative Paläoökologie sowie Klimaänderung und die Biogeographie. Ebenfalls kurz diskutiert wird das wissenschaftliche Potential von Inklusen in subfossilem Kopal, welche aufgrund ihres relativ jungen Alters, oft als nicht bedeutend betrachtet werden.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Dr. Mike Reich (Göttingen University) for his invitation to present a keynote lecture on amber at the joint meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft and the Palaeontological Society of China at Göttingen University (September 23–27, 2013): Palaeobiology & Geobiology of Fossil Lagerstätten through Earth History. This talk formed the basis of this paper, which represents a summary of my thoughts on the current state-of-the-art of amber research based of two decades of studying fossils in amber.

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    David Penney

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Penney, D. Sub/fossil resin research in the 21st Century: trends and perspectives. PalZ 90, 425–447 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0294-8

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