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A new durophagous scincomorphan lizard genus from the Late Cretaceous Iharkút locality (Hungary, Bakony Mts)

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Abstract

The Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút terrestrial vertebrate locality in Hungary has already yielded scincomorphan taxa such as the polyglyphanodontines Bicuspidon and Distortodon and the chamopsiid Pelsochamops. Besides these, more lacertilian material is available, including a single right mandible, different from both the abovementioned genera from Iharkút and from other previously known taxa. This specimen is described here as Chromatogenys tiliquoides gen. nov. sp. nov. The open Meckelian canal, the wide subdental shelf with deep sulcus dentalis, and the pleurodont teeth support the referral of the specimen to Scincomorpha. Within that, Chromatogenys differs from groups known from Iharkút, such as polyglyphanodontines and chamopsiids, and is also distinct from other contemporary scincomorphs from Europe, North America, and Asia. It exhibits a combination of mixed characters, some of which are shared by scincids, cordylids, and contogeniids. Chromatogenys might be a representative of a new family within Scincomorpha, but its familiar relationships should be considered to be uncertain (familia incertae sedis) until more material is found. Chromatogenys had a durophagous dentition similar to those of extant skinks such as Tiliqua, and most probably had a similar diet too, composed of molluscs, eggs, insects, small vertebrates, and fruits.

Kurzfassung

Die terrestrische Wirbeltier-Fundstelle aus der Oberkreide (Santon) in Iharkút, Ungarn hat bereits skinkartige Taxa geliefert, wie die Polyglyphanodontinen Bicuspidon und Distortodon und den Chamopsiiden Pelsochamops. Daneben sind weitere Überreste von Eidechsen vorhanden, einschließlich eines einzigen rechten Unterkiefers, der sich von denen der oben genannten Gattungen aus Iharkút unterscheidet. Dieses Exemplar wird hier als Chromatogenys tiliquoides gen. nov. sp. nov beschrieben. Der offene Meckelsche Kanal, der breite subdentale Schelf mit tiefem Sulcus dentalis und die pleurodonten Zähne unterstützen eine Zuordnung des neuen Taxon zu den Skinkartigen. Innerhalb der Scincomorpha unterscheidet Chromatogenys sich von schon bekannten Gruppen aus Iharkút wie den Polyglyphanodontinen und Chamopsiiden und ist auch von anderen zeitgleichen Scincomorphen aus Europa, Nordamerika und Asien verschieden. Er zeigt eine Kombination von Merkmalen, von denen einige mit den Scinciden, Cordyliden und Contogeniiden geteilt werden. Chromatogenys könnte ein Vertreter einer noch unbekannter Familie von Scincomorpha sein, aber derzeit ist die phylogenetische Stellung aufgrund von fehlendem Material noch unsicher (familia incertae sedis). Chromatogenys hatte eine durophage Bezahnung, ähnlich wie rezente Skinke, z. B. Tiliqua, und wahrscheinlich hatte er auch eine vergleichbare Ernährung in Form von Mollusken, Eiern, Insekten, kleinen Wirbeltieren und Früchten.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank A. Ősi and the other members of the Iharkút Research Group, as well as the staff of the Geological and Geophysical Collections, Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, of the Dept. of Paleontology, Eötvös University, and of the Dept. of Geology and Paleontology, Hungarian Natural History Museum for their help provided. Reviewers Jack L. Conrad and Johannes Müller are gratefully acknowledged for critically reading the manuscript and making useful suggestions that greatly improved our work. The authors are grateful to Salvador Bailon from the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle for providing access to recent comparative material. The help of Christoph Wißing and Márton Rabi with the German version of the abstract is highly appreciated. The fieldwork and the work of LM were supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) grant NF-84193, as well as a Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) “Lendület” grant (MTA-ELTE Dinosaur Research Group, grant no. 95102). Previously, research at Iharkút was supported by OTKA T-39045 and PD-73021 grants; the National Geographic Society; the Jurassic Foundation; the Hungarian Oil and Gas Company Plc (MOL Nyrt); and the Hantken Foundation. Fieldwork was also supported by Bakonyi Bauxitbánya Ltd., Geovol Ltd., and Céltrans 97 Ltd., as well as many others.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological and Geophysical Collections, Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary

    László Makádi

  2. Department of Paleontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary

    László Makádi

  3. Department of Paleontology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary

    László Makádi

  4. Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA

    Randall L. Nydam

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  1. László Makádi
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  2. Randall L. Nydam
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Correspondence to László Makádi.

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Makádi, L., Nydam, R.L. A new durophagous scincomorphan lizard genus from the Late Cretaceous Iharkút locality (Hungary, Bakony Mts). Paläontol Z 89, 925–941 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-014-0253-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-014-0253-1

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