Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Patients’ Expectations Predict Surgery Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

  • Published:
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Several studies indicate that patients’ presurgical expectations can influence postsurgical health outcome.

Purpose

To estimate the potential for clinical exploitation of this association, a meta-analysis of prospective studies which assess the association between patients’ presurgical expectations and postsurgical quality of life is applied to accumulate the overall effect.

Methods

We searched the databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and PsychINFO for English- and German-language articles published from 1980 until December 2013. Additionally, manual searches of bibliographies of retrieved articles and relevant reviews were conducted. Prospective studies measuring presurgical expectations and postsurgical quality of life in patients aging 18–65 were selected. Correlations between presurgical expectations and postsurgical quality of life were extracted or provided by the authors.

Results

The search yielded 21 prospective studies (including 2611 patients undergoing surgery) with a follow-up period ranging from 1 week to 13 years. The pooled correlations were 0.369 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.264 to 0.466; P for heterogeneity <0.001; random-effects model) for overall quality of life (11 studies), 0.126 (95 % CI, 0.079 to 0.172; P for heterogeneity = 0.63; random-effects model) for physical quality of life (12 studies), and 0.208 (95 % CI, 0.113 to 0.299; P for heterogeneity <0.001; random-effects model) for mental quality of life (12 studies), indicating low to moderate associations between presurgery patients’ expectations and postsurgery quality of life.

Conclusions

These results confirm the importance of patients’ expectations in the prediction of postsurgical outcomes and underline the necessity to optimize these expectations in order to improve postoperative quality of life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD, et al. An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data. Lancet. 2008;372(9633):139–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bickler SW, Spiegel DA. Global surgery—defining a research agenda. Lancet. 2008;372(9633):90–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McRae C, Cherin E, Yamazaki TG, et al. Effects of perceived treatment on quality of life and medical outcomes in a double-blind placebo surgery trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(4):412–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ridgeway V, Mathews A. Psychological preparation for surgery: a comparison of methods. Br J Clin Psychol. 1982;21(4):271–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mumford E, Schlesinger HJ, Glass GV. The effects of psychological Intervention on recovery from surgery and heart attacks: an analysis of the literature. Am J Public Health. 1982;72(2):141–51.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Devine EC. Effects of psychoeducational care for adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis of 191 studies. Patient Educ Couns. 1992;19(2):129–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Johnston M, Vögele C. Benefits of psychological preparation for surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med. 1993.

  8. Shuldham C. Pre-operative education—a review of the research design. Int J Nurs Stud. 1999;36(2):179–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jamison RN, Parris WC, Maxson WS. Psychological factors influencing recovery from outpatient surgery. Behav Res Ther. 1987;25(1):31–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Juergens MC, Seekatz B, Moosdorf RG, Petrie KJ, Rief W. Illness beliefs before cardiac surgery predict disability, quality of life, and depression 3 months later. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(6):553–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Barefoot JC, Brummett BH, Williams RB, Siegler IC, Helms MJ, Boyle SH, et al. Recovery expectations and long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(10):929–35.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sullivan M, Tanzer M, Reardon G, Amirault D, Dunbar M, Stanish W. The role of presurgical expectancies in predicting pain and function one year following total knee arthroplasty. Pain. 2011;152(10):2287–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. McCarthy S, Lyons A, Weinman J, Talbot R, Purnell D. Do expectations influence recovery from oral surgery? An illness representation approach. Psychol Health. 2003;18(1):109–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bausell RB, Lao L, Bergman S, Lee W-L, Berman BM. Is acupuncture analgesia an expectancy effect? Preliminary evidence based on participants’ perceived assignments in two placebo-controlled trials. Eval Health Prof. 2005;28(1):9–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. George JM, Scott DS, Turner SP, Gregg JM. The effects of psychological factors and physical trauma on recovery from oral surgery. J Behav Med. 1980;3(3):291–310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Riddle DL, Wade JB, Jiranek WA, Kong X. Preoperative pain catastrophizing predicts pain outcome after knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(3):798–806.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Van den Akker-Scheek I, Stevens M, Groothoff JW, Bulstra SK, Zijlstra W. Preoperative or postoperative self-efficacy: which is a better predictor of outcome after total hip or knee arthroplasty? Patient Educ Couns. 2007;66(1):92–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gortner SR, Jenkins LS. Self-efficacy and activity level following cardiac surgery. J Adv Nurs. 1990;15(10):1132–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Scheier MF, Matthews KA, Owens JF, Schulz R, Bridges MW, Magovern GJ, et al. Optimism and rehospitalization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(8):829–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gidron Y, McGrath PJ, Goodday R. The physical and psychosocial predictors of adolescents’ recovery from oral surgery. J Behav Med. 1995;18(4):385–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ostelo RWJG, Vlaeyen JWS, van den Brandt PA, de Vet HCW. Residual complaints following lumbar disc surgery: prognostic indicators of outcome. Pain. 2005;114(1–2):177–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tolver MA, Strandfelt P, Forsberg G, Hjørne FP, Rosenberg J, Bisgaard T. Determinants of a short convalescence after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. Surgery. 2012;151(4):556–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Donceel P, Du Bois M. Predictors for work incapacity continuing after disc surgery. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25(3):264–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Holden G. The relationship of self-efficacy appraisals to subsequent health related outcomes. Soc Work Health Care. 1992;16(1):53–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Fadyl J, McPherson K. Return to work after injury: a review of evidence regarding expectations and injury perceptions, and their influence on outcome. J Occup Rehabil. 2008;18(4):362–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mondloch MV, Cole DC, Frank JW. Does how you do depend on how you think you’ll do? A systematic review of the evidence for a relation between patients’ recovery expectations and health outcomes. Can Med Assoc J. 2001;165(2):174–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Goulding L, Furze G, Birks Y. Randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(5):946–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hagger M, Orbell S. A meta-analytic review of the common-sense model of illness representations. Psychol Health. 2003;18(2):141–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Page GG, Marucha PT, MacCallum RC, Glaser R. Psychological influences on surgical recovery. Perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Am Psychol. 1998;53(11):1209–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mathews A, Ridgeway V. Personality and surgical recovery: a review. Br J Clin Psychol. 1981;20(4):243–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Mavros MN, Athanasiou S, Gkegkes ID, Polyzos KA, Peppas G, Falagas ME. Do psychological variables affect early surgical recovery? PLoS One. 2011;6(5), e20306.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kluivers KB, Riphagen I, Vierhout ME, Brölmann HA, de Vet HCW. Systematic review on recovery specific quality-of-life instruments. Surgery. 2008;143(2):206–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Enck P, Bingel U, Schedlowski M, Rief W. The placebo response in medicine: minimize, maximize or personalize? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013;12(3):191–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Rief W, Bingel U, Schedlowski M, Enck P. Mechanisms involved in placebo and nocebo responses and implications for drug trials. Clin Pharmacol. 2011;166:155–60.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kahokehr A, Broadbent E, Wheeler BRL, Sammour T, Hill AG. The effect of perioperative psychological intervention on fatigue after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc. 2012;26(6):1730–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rief W, Avorn J, Barsky AJ. Medication-attributed adverse effects in placebo groups—implications for assessment of adverse effects. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(2):155–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Smith ML, Glass GV, Miller TI. The benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Glass GV. Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educ Res. 1976;5(10):3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Rief W, Barsky AJ, Glombiewski JA, Nestoriuc Y, Glaesmer H. Assessing general side effects in clinical trials: reference data from the general population. Library (Lond). 2010.

  41. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, John PA. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. Br Med J. 2009;339:b2700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Borenstein M, Hedges L V., Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Englewood, NJ: Biostat, 104–104; 2005

  44. Rosenthal R. Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research. 1991

  45. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988:567.

  46. Johansson A-C, Linton SJ, Rosenblad A, Bergkvist L, Nilsson O. A prospective study of cognitive behavioural factors as predictors of pain, disability and quality of life one year after lumbar disc surgery. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(7):521–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Yee A, Adjei N, Do J, Ford M, Finkelstein J. Do patient expectations of spinal surgery relate to functional outcome? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(5):1154–61.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Carr FA, Healy KM, Villavicencio AT, et al. Effect on clinical outcomes of patient pain expectancies and preoperative Mental Component Summary scores from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(5):486–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Peterson RA, Brown SP. On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(1):175–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Borenstein M, Hedges L V., Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Introduction to Meta-Analysis (Statistics in Practice). Wiley; 2009.

  51. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557–60.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Mahomed NN, Liang MH, Cook EF, et al. The importance of patient expectations in predicting functional outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(6):1273–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Sawatzky J-A, Naimark BJ. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: exploring a broader perspective of risks and outcomes. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;24(3):198–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Echteld MA, Ph D, Med AB. Modeling predictors of quality of life after coronary angioplasty. Ann Behav Med. 2003;26(12):49–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ballon A, Laudermann K, Sader R, Landes CA. Patients’ preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction of dysgnathic patients operated on with resorbable osteosyntheses. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(2):730–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fitzgerald TE, Prochaska JO, Pransky GS. Health risk reduction and functional restoration following coronary revascularization : a prospective investigation using dynamic stage typology clustering. 2000;5(2).

  57. Sáenz G, de Tejada M, Escobar A, Herrera C, García L, Aizpuru F, et al. Patient expectations and health-related quality of life outcomes following total joint replacement. Value Health. 2010;13(4):447–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Josbeno DA, Jakicic JM, Hergenroeder A, Eid GM. Physical activity and physical function changes in obese individuals after gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(4):361–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. King KM. Gender and short-term recovery from cardiac surgery. Nurs Res. 2000;49(1):29–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Symon Z, Daignault S, Symon R, Dunn RL, Sanda MG, Sandler HM. Measuring patients’ expectations regarding health-related quality-of-life outcomes associated with prostate cancer surgery or radiotherapy. Urology. 2006;68(6):1224–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Davidge K, Bell R, Ferguson P, Turcotte R, Wunder J, Davis AM. Patient expectations for surgical outcome in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. J Surg Oncol. 2009;100(5):375–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Nichols JJ, Twa MD, Mitchell GL. Sensitivity of the national eye institute refractive error quality of life instrument to refractive surgery outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31(12):2313–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lengacher CA, Johnson-Mallard V, Post-White J, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2009;18(12):1261–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. McGregor AH, Rylands H, Owen A, Doré CJ, Hughes SP. Does preoperative hip rehabilitation advice improve recovery and patient satisfaction? J Arthroplasty. 2004;19(4):464–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Wheelock IC. Psychosocial adjustment following surgery for intractable epilepsy. Diss Abstr Int Sect B Sci Eng. 1996;57(6-B):4080.

  66. Pristed SG, Omar HK, Kroustrup JP. Association between fulfilment of expectations and health-related quality of life after gastric bypass. Appl Res Qual Life. 2013;8(1):101–11.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Pristed SG, Fromholt J, Kroustrup JP. Relationship between morbidly obese subjects’ attributions of low general well-being, expectations and health-related quality of life: five-year follow-up after gastric banding. Appl Res Qual Life. 2012;7(3):281–94.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Carver CS, Smith RG, Petronis VM, Antoni MH. Quality of life among long-term survivors of breast cancer: different types of antecedents predict different classes of outcomes. Psychooncology. 2006;15(9):749–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Cheng S-Y, Lai Y-H, Chen S-C, et al. Changes in quality of life among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(1–2):70–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Elder EE, Brandberg Y, Björklund T, et al. Quality of life and patient satisfaction in breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction: a prospective study. Breast. 2005;14(3):201–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Engel C, Hamilton NA, Potter PT, Zautra AJ. Impact of two types of expectancy on recovery from total knee replacement surgery (TKR) in adults with osteoarthritis. Behav Med. 2004;30(3):113–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Fitzgerald TE, Tennen H, Affleck G, Pransky GS. The relative importance of dispositional optimism and control appraisals in quality of life after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Behav Med. 1993;16(1):25–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. King-Kallimanis BL, Oort FJ, Visser MRM, Sprangers MAG. Structural equation modeling of health-related quality-of-life data illustrates the measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(11):1157–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kohlmann S, Rimington H, Weinman J. Profiling illness perceptions to identify patients at-risk for decline in health status after heart valve replacement. J Psychosom Res. 2012;72(6):427–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Leedham B, Meyerowitz BE, Muirhead J, Frist WH. Positive expectations predict health after heart transplantation. Heal Psychol. 1995;14(1):74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mellor DJ, Cummins RA, Karlinski E, Storer SP. The management of subjective quality of life by short-stay hospital patients: an exploratory study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:39.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Peters ML, Sommer M, de Rijke JM, et al. Somatic and psychologic predictors of long-term unfavorable outcome after surgical intervention. Ann Surg. 2007;245(3):487–94.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Rimington H, Weinman J, Chambers JB. Predicting outcome after valve replacement. Heart. 2010;96(2):118–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Saban KL, Penckofer SM, Androwich I, Bryant FB. Health-related quality of life of patients following selected types of lumbar spinal surgery: a pilot study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:71.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Scheier MF, Matthews KA, Owens JF, et al. Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: the beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;57(6):1024–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Schou I, Ekeberg Ø, Sandvik L, Hjermstad MJ, Ruland CM. Multiple predictors of health-related quality of life in early stage breast cancer. Data from a year follow-up study compared with the general population. Qual Life Res. 2005;14(8):1813–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Schröder K, Schwarzer R. Do partners’ personality resources add to the prediction of patients’ coping and quality of life? Psychol Heal. 2012;2001:37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schröder KE, Schwarzer R, Endler NS. Predicting cardiac patients’ quality of life from the characteristics of their spouses. J Health Psychol. 1997;2(2):231–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Laferton JAC, Auer CJ, Shedden-Mora MC, Moosdorf R, Rief W. Factors associated with disability expectations in patients undergoing heart surgery [in press]. Int J Behav Med.

  85. Bowling A, Rowe G, Lambert N, Waddington M, Mahtani KR, Kenten C, et al. The measurement of patients‟ expectations for health care: a review and psychometric testing of a measure of patients’ expectations. Health Technol. Assess. 2012;16.

  86. Zywiel MG, Mahomed A, Gandhi R, Perruccio AV, Mahomed NN. Measuring expectations in orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471:3446–56.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Van Hartingsveld F, Ostelo RWJG, Cuijpers P, de Vos R, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Treatment-related and patient-related expectations of patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of published measurement tools. Clin J Pain. 2010;26:470–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Gwaltney CJ, Metrik J, Kahler CW, Shiffman S. Self-efficacy and smoking cessation: a meta-analysis. Psychol Addict Behav. 2009;23(1):56–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Rasmussen HN, Scheier MF, Greenhouse JB. Optimism and physical health: a meta-analytic review. Ann Behav Med. 2009;37(3):239–56.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Rosenberger PH, Jokl P, Ickovics J. Psychosocial factors and surgical outcomes: an evidence-based literature review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(7):397–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Halpin LS, Barnett SD. Preoperative state of mind among patients undergoing CABG: effect on length of stay and postoperative complications. J Nurs Care Qual. 2005;20(1):73–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Orbell S, Johnston M, Rowley D, Espley A, Davey P. Cognitive representations of illness and functional and affective adjustment following surgery for osteoarthritis. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47(1):93–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Hamilton DF, Lane JV, Gaston P, et al. What determines patient satisfaction with surgery: a prospective cohort study of 4709 patients following total joint replacement. BMJ Open. 2013;3:002525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Mannion AF, Junge A, Elfering A, Dvorak J, Porchet F, Grob D. Great expectations: really the novel predictor of outcome after spinal surgery? Spine. 2009;34:1590–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Laferton JAC, Shedden Mora M, Auer CJ, Moosdorf R, Rief W. Enhancing the efficacy of heart surgery by optimizing patients’ preoperative expectations: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2013;165(1):1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Von Blanckenburg P, Schuricht F, Albert U-S, Rief W, Nestoriuc Y. Optimizing expectations to prevent side effects and enhance quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer. 2013;13(1):426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflicts of Interest

All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare: parts of this study were done in the context of the German research network on placebo and nocebo mechanisms, supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation DFG Ri 574/23; WR has received honorariums for talks and consultation on issues of patient’s adherence, placebo effects, classification, and study design from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Heel; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Charlotte J. Auer, Julia A. Glombiewski, Bettina K. Doering, Johannes A.C. Laferton, Alexander Winkler, and Elisabeth Broadbent declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval was not required for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Charlotte J. Auer, Julia A. Glombiewski, Bettina K. Doering, Alexander Winkler, Johannes A. C. Laferton & Winfried Rief

  2. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Elizabeth Broadbent

Authors
  1. Charlotte J. Auer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julia A. Glombiewski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bettina K. Doering
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alexander Winkler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Johannes A. C. Laferton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Elizabeth Broadbent
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Winfried Rief
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charlotte J. Auer.

Additional information

The corresponding author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, a worldwide license to the Publishers and its licensees in perpetuity, in all forms, formats, and media (whether known now or created in the future), to (i) publish, reproduce, distribute, display, and store the contribution; (ii) translate the contribution into other languages, create adaptations, reprints, include within collections and create summaries, extracts and/or, abstracts of the contribution; (iii) create any other derivative work(s) based on the contribution; (iv) to exploit all subsidiary rights in the contribution; (v) the inclusion of electronic links from the contribution to third party material wherever it may be located; and (vi) license any third party to do any or all of the above.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Auer, C.J., Glombiewski, J.A., Doering, B.K. et al. Patients’ Expectations Predict Surgery Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Int.J. Behav. Med. 23, 49–62 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9500-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9500-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation