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Dietary patterns in human populations from northwest Patagonia during Holocene: an approach using Binford’s frames of reference and Bayesian isotope mixing models

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Abstract

The goal of this paper is to assess the variation in the proportional contribution of diverse resources to the diet of human populations from northwest Patagonia (Argentina) throughout the Middle-Late Holocene. Particularly, we assessed the variation among three geographic areas and two periods. We first estimated the expected proportions of terrestrial animals and plants and aquatic resources for each area according to the Binford’s frames of references approach. A Bayesian mixing method was then applied to calculate the proportion of plants and animals in the diets from stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) of human bone collagen. The isotope values suggest that the composition of diets differed spatially and temporally. Diets of South Mendoza were mainly composed of terrestrial animals (Rhea-Lama and rodents) with a greater incorporation of C3 plants towards the later Late Holocene; in North Neuquén, Rhea and Lama represent a proportion of 0.84 of the diet consumed; and finally, the sample of Center Neuquén is the only one with high values of Araucaria in the diet. The isotopic values obtained for the three studied areas did not fit to the expectations of Binford’s model, North Neuquén being the area that departs most from the predicted proportions of terrestrial animals and plants and aquatic organisms in the diet. These findings open up new questions about the local conditions that influenced regional variation in the diet of prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from Universidad Nacional de La Plata (PI/UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 0428 and 729), and Agencia de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2134). We thank Augusto Tessone for his help with the processing of samples for isotopes and Amber Johnson for explaining us EnvCalc 2.1 and reading the manuscript. We also thank Diego Rindel and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that have greatly improved this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CONICET, División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 122 y 60, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Florencia Gordón, S. Ivan Perez & Valeria Bernal

  2. Museo de la Patagonia “Francisco P. Moreno”, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

    Adam Hajduk

  3. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio, IIDyPCa-CONICET-UNRN, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

    Maximiliano Lezcano

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  1. Florencia Gordón
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  2. S. Ivan Perez
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  3. Adam Hajduk
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  4. Maximiliano Lezcano
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  5. Valeria Bernal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Florencia Gordón.

Electronic supplementary material

Table S1

Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of animal and plant resources of the region under study obtained in this work (XLSX 9 kb)

Table S2

Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of human samples from Northwest Patagonia from the literature (XLSX 10 kb)

Table S3

Stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of animal and plant resources of the region, obtained in this study and from the literature, that were used for building the isotopic ecology. Whenever possible, we only included data from archeological sites with more than one value for a given species. Individual values falling away from their group of resources were considered outliers and excluded. (XLSX 14 kb)

Table S4

Mean and standard deviation of δ13C and δ15N values for each group of resources (XLSX 9 kb)

Table S5

Proportional contribution of each type of resource to the diet estimated by Bayesian lineal mixing models for each geographic area (XLSX 11 kb)

Fig. S1

Density plots of dietary proportion for human samples by geographic area and time period estimated on the basis of δ13C and δ15N from Fig. 2 (PDF 1791 kb)

Fig. S2

Isospace plot of δ13C and δ15N for the resources and human samples grouped by geographic area (PDF 180 kb)

Fig. S3

Pairs plot of the posterior diet proportions. The upper-diagonal shows contour plots, the diagonal shows histograms, and the lower-diagonal shows the correlations between the different sources (PDF 186 kb)

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Gordón, F., Ivan Perez, S., Hajduk, A. et al. Dietary patterns in human populations from northwest Patagonia during Holocene: an approach using Binford’s frames of reference and Bayesian isotope mixing models. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 10, 1347–1358 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0459-0

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