Skip to main content
Log in

Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena: technology and innovation between the Recent Bronze Age and the early Iron Age

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Castel de Pedena (northeastern Italy) was a hillfort settlement located in the Venetian Prealps at 680 m above the sea level, in a position that likely conferred upon it a linking role between the Venetian plain and the Alpine areas. The first occupation of the area is dated to the Early Bronze Age, and continues, although intermittently, until the early phase of the Iron Age. The analysis of its Recent Bronze Age to Iron Age pottery assemblage has underlined the use of different recipes for the ceramic production over time. Variations in the raw material selection, clay processing choices, and firing conditions demonstrate a significant shift in the ceramic technology, and therefore, in the potters technological habits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Angelini A (2012) Le strutture del castelliere. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 59–76

  • Angelini A (2014) Proposte di correlazione cronologico-culturale del Bronzo Finale e primo Ferro tra ambito alpino e pianura padana. Lo studio di caso di Castel de Pedena (BL). PhD thesis, Università degli Studi di Padova

  • Angelini A, Bettinardi I (2012) Gli scavi 2006–2008 a Castel de Pedena. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 45–50

  • Angelini A, Leonardi G (2015) Castel de Pedena (San Gregorio nelle Alpi, Belluno): abitato d’altura in territorio di frontiera. Preistoria e Protostoria del Veneto, Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria 2:469–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold DE (1988) Ceramic theory and cultural process (New Studies in Archaeology). Cambridge University Press

  • Bagolan M, Leonardi G (2000) Il bronzo finale nel Veneto. In: Harari M, Pearce M (eds) Il Protovillanoviano al di qua e al di là dell’Appenino, vol 1995, Atti della giornata di studio, Pavia, Collegio Ghislieri, 17 giugno. Edizioni New Press, Como, pp 15–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter MJ (1999) Detecting multivariate outliers in artefact compositional data. Archaeometry 41:321–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter MJ (2006) A review of supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition in Archaeometry. Archaeometry 48:671–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardarelli A (2009) The collapse of the terramare culture and growth of new economic and social system during the Late Bronze Age. Scienze dell’Antichità 15:449–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa V, Doglioni C, Grandesso P, Masetti D, Pellegrini GB, Tracanella E (1996) Foglio Geologico (063) Belluno della Carta Geologica d’Italia, 1:50.000. Servizio Geologico Italiano, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Roma

  • Cuomo di Caprio N, Vaughan SJ (1993) An experimental study in distinguishing grog (chamotte) from argillaceous inclusions in ceramic thin sections. Archaeomaterials 7:21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Dal Sasso G, Maritan L, Salvatori S (2014) Discriminating pottery production by image analysis: a case study of Mesolithic and Neolithic pottery from Al Khiday (Khartoum, Sudan). J Archaeol Sci 46:125–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Longa E (2012) I materiali dal Bronzo Antico al Bronzo Recente. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 77–94

  • Donadel V (2012) I materiali dal Bronzo recente avanzato alla prima età del Ferro. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 95–108

  • Donadel V (2015) Il territorio bellunese e feltrino tra II e inizi I millennio a.C.: indagine archeologica sulle caratteristiche e l’evoluzione del popolamento in relazione ai territori pedemontani e planiziari confinanti. PhD thesis, Università degli Studi di Padova

  • Donadel V, Tenconi M (2015) Tipologia e archeometria delle ceramiche Luco/Laugen a Castel de Pedena (San Gregorio nelle Alpi – Belluno). In: Leonardi G, Tinè V (eds) Preistoria e Protostoria nel Veneto, Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria 2. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, pp 887–892

  • Fermo P, Delnevo E, Lasagni M, Polla S, De Vos M (2008) Application of chemical and chemometric analytical techniques to the study of ancient ceramics from Dougga (Tunisia). Microchem J 88:150–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freestone IC (2001) Post-depositional changes in archaeological ceramics and glasses. In: Brothwell DR, Pollard AM (eds) Handbook of Archaeological Sciences. John Wiley, Chichester, pp 615–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Glascock MD (1992) Characterization of archaeological ceramics at MURR by neutron activation analysis and multivariate statistics. In: Neff H (ed) Chemical characterization of ceramic pastes in archaeology. Prehistory Press, Madison, pp 11–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann RB, Maggetti M (1981) Experiments on simulated burial of calcareous terra sigillata (mineralogical changes): preliminary results. Br Mus Occas Pap 19:163–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemoine C, Picon M (1982) La fixation du phosphore par les céramiques lors de leur enfouissement et ses incidences analytiques. Revue d’Archéometrie 6:101–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonardi G (2012) Castel de Pedena nel proprio contesto storico e territoriale. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 153–165

  • Leonardi G, Cupitò M, Baioni M, Longhi C, Martinelli N (2015) Northern Italy around 2200 cal BC. From Copper to Early Bronze Age: continuity and/or discontinuity?. 2200 BC—Ein Klimasturz als Ursache für den Zerfall del Alten Welt? 7. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 23. bis 26. Oktober 2014 in Halle (Saale), Tagungen des Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte Halle, band 12, pp 283–304

  • Maggetti M (1982) Phase analysis and its significance for technology and origin. In: Olin JS, Franklin AD (eds) Archaeological ceramics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 121–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Maggetti M (1991) Mineralogical and petrographical methods for the study of ancient pottery. In: Burragato F, Grubessi O, Lazzarini L (eds) 1st European Workshop on archaeological ceramics. Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, pp 23–35

  • Maggetti M (2009) Neolithic Pottery from Switzerland: Raw Materials and Manufacturing Processes. In: Shortland AJ, Freestone I, Rehren T (eds) From mine to microscope: advances in the study of ancient technology. Oxbow books, pp 29–42

  • Maggetti M, Galetti G (1988) Die Feinkeramic von Sissach-Brühl: eine spätlatènezeitliche Referenzgruppe. Archäologie und Museum 13:5–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Maggetti M, Schwab H (1982) Iron Age fine pottery from Chatillon-S-Glane and the Heuneburg. Archaeometry 24:21–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maritan L (2002) Studio archeometrico di ceramiche di tipo etrusco padano nell’area veneta: indagini petrografiche, chimiche e fisiche e confronto con i risultati ottenuti da prove sperimentali di cottura di materiali argillosi. PhD thesis, Università degli Studi di Padova

  • Maritan L (2004) Archaeometric study of Etruscan–Padan type pottery from the Veneto region: petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical–physical characterization. Eur J Mineral 16:297–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maritan L, Holakooei P, Mazzoli C (2015) Cluster analysis of XRPD data in ancient ceramics: what for? Appl Clay Sci 114:540–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maritan L, Mazzoli C (2004) Phosphates in archaeological finds: implications for environmental conditions of burial. Archaeometry 46:673–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maritan L, Nodari L, Mazzoli C, Milano A, Russo U (2006) Influence of firing conditions on ceramic products: experimental study on clay rich in organic matter. Appl Clay Sci 31:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marzatico F (2012) La Cultura di Luco/Laugen, aggiornamenti e problemi aperti. In: Angelini A, Leonardi G (eds) Il Castelliere di Castel de Pedena. Un sito di frontiera del II e I millennio a.C. Atti del Convegno Sabato 6 giugno 2009 - Feltre (BL) - Municipio - Sala degli stemmi. Saltuarie dal laboratorio del Piovego, Padova, pp 177–204

  • Nodari L, Marcuz E, Maritan L, Mazzoli C, Russo U (2007) Hematite nucleation and growth in the firing of carbonate-rich clay for pottery production. J Eur Ceram Soc 27:4665–4673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacciarelli M (2000) Dal Villaggio alla Città. La svolta protourbana del 1000 a.C. nell’Italia tirrenica. Grandi contesti e problemi della Protostoria italiana 4, Roma

  • Perini R (1976) Appunti per una definizione delle fasi della cultura di Luco sulla base delle recenti ricerche in Trentino. Studi Trentini di Scienze Storiche LV(2):151–162

  • Piovesan R, Dalconi MC, Maritan L, Mazzoli C (2013) X-ray powder diffraction diagram clustering and quantitative phase analysis on historic mortars. Eur J Mineral 25:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn PS (2013) Ceramic petrography: the interpretation of archaeological pottery & related artefacts in thin-sections. Archaeopress, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassi FP, Spiess R (1993) The South-Alpine metamorphic basement in the Eastern Alps. In: von Raumer JF, Neubauer F (eds) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps. Springer-Verlag, pp 599–607

  • Sassi FP, Neubauer F, Mazzoli C, Sassi R, Spiess R, Zirpoli G (1994) A tentative comparison of the Paleozoic evolution of the Austroalpine and Southalpine quartzphyllites in the Eastern Alps. Periodico di Mineralogia 63:35–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Veniale F (1990) Modern techniques of analysis applied to ancient ceramics. In: Veniale F, Zezza U (eds) Advanced Workshop, ‘Analytical Methodologies for the Investigation of Damaged Stones’. University of Pavia, Pavia, pp 1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitbread IK (1986) The characterisation of argillaceous inclusions in ceramic thin sections. Archaeometry 28:79–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitbread IK (1989) A proposal for the systematic description of thin sections towards the study of ancient ceramic technology. In: Maniatis Y (ed) Archaeometry: Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 127–138

  • Whitbread IK (1995) Greek transport of amphorae—a petrological and archaeological study. British School at Athens, Fitch laboratory occasional paper 4

  • Whitney DL, Evans BW (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. Am Mineral 95:185–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Soprintendenza Archeologica per il Veneto for providing the samples analyzed here. They are also very grateful to J. Perry who revised the English text.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marta Tenconi.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource. 1

Geochemical composition of the clay and silt sediments obtained through XRF. Major elements expressed as wt% of oxides, trace elements as ppm (DOCX 13 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tenconi, M., Maritan, L., Donadel, V. et al. Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena: technology and innovation between the Recent Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 9, 965–984 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0346-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0346-8

Keywords

Navigation