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Late Ediacaran post-collisional A-type syenites with shoshonitic affinities, northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: a possible mantle-derived A-type magma

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Abstract

The Abu Rumeil syenitic rocks represent the inner ring dyke of the Katherina Ring complex, southern Sinai, Egypt. They are divided petrologically into two types, alkali feldspar syenite and quartz syenite. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the syenites indicate an alkaline nature with a shoshonitic affinity. Although rare mafic xenocrysts overgrown by primary K-feldspars and overlapping rare earth element (REE) patterns indicate some role for crustal contamination, the trace element chemistry shows a dominant mantle contribution. The geochronology and field relations imply that the Abu Rumeil syenites were emplaced in a post-collisional, within-plate tectonic setting, yet they express the enrichments in large-ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements generally characteristic of subduction influence. We suggest that this signature is inherited from partial melting of a lithospheric mantle source previously affected by subduction during assembly of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Little evidence of the early evolution of the suite is preserved; there are no associated mafic rocks. We therefore restrict our attention to a petrogenetic model that can explain the relations among the observed felsic composition. The REE patterns of all samples are enriched in light REE and fractionated, but it is notable that there are small positive Eu anomalies in the alkali-feldspar syenites contrasting with small negative Eu anomalies in the quartz syenites. Positive Eu anomalies suggest a cumulate nature for the alkali-feldspar syenites; there are also breaks in the slopes of most variation trends between the alkali-feldspar syenites and the quartz syenites. The general trends in all major oxides and trace elements within the suite can be modeled by fractional crystallization of feldspars—with smaller roles for pyroxene, biotite, apatite, and Fe-Ti oxides—from an intermediate liquid to form the quartz syenites and by assimilation of the near-liquidus phases into the same starting liquid to form the alkali feldspar syenites. The geothermobarometry of pyroxenes and amphiboles suggests shallow emplacement (<10 km depth) and crystallization temperatures ranging from 1100 °C down to 800 °C.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks are paid to King Saud University, Deanship of Scientific Research, Research Group No. RG-1436-036 for their support. We are indebted to the Geological Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Egypt, for field work assistance. M.A.’s visit to the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, USA, was supported by the Cairo Initiative of the US Agency for International Development. Special thanks are given to George Rossman and Michael Baker of Caltech for allowing sample preparation facilities. Our appreciation extends to Minghua Ren (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA) and Chi Ma (Caltech) for their help in the microprobe analyses. Special thanks are paid to an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments as well as Editor-in-Chief Abdullah Al-Amri for valuable comments and editorial handling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Geophysics, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Hisham Gahlan & Khaled Al-Kahtany

  2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Hisham Gahlan

  3. Geological Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt

    Mokhles Azer

  4. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,, CA, USA

    Paul Asimow

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  1. Hisham Gahlan
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Gahlan, H., Azer, M., Asimow, P. et al. Late Ediacaran post-collisional A-type syenites with shoshonitic affinities, northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: a possible mantle-derived A-type magma. Arab J Geosci 9, 603 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2629-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2629-x

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