Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans is a frequent commensal colonizer of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but is also an opportunistic pathogen. This review explores features that distinguish the colonizing and pathogenic forms of C. albicans. Candida albicans in a biofilm is used as an example of a pathogenic form of the organism, because biofilms are a common feature of device-associated C. albicans infections. Biofilms (complex, sessile communities of cells) have been the subject of several large-scale gene expression studies. Biofilms and commensal C. albicans colonizing the murine GI tract show a variety of differentially expressed genes. Cell surface proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes are especially attractive as targets for new clinical prevention, diagnosis, or treatment tools that are specific for C. albicans in its pathogenic biofilm state.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Susan Hadley for helpful discussion. S. E. H. received partial support from grant T32GM008448 from the National Institutes of Health. C. A. K. and S. E. H. were supported in part by grant R01AI081794 from the National Institutes of Health (to C.A.K.).
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S.E. Herwald declares no conflicts of interest.
C.A. Kumamoto declares no conflicts of interest.
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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by either of the authors.
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Herwald, S.E., Kumamoto, C.A. Candida albicans Niche Specialization: Features That Distinguish Biofilm Cells from Commensal Cells. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 8, 179–184 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-014-0178-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-014-0178-x