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Nano functional neural interfaces

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Abstract

Engineered functional neural interfaces (fNIs) serve as essential abiotic–biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimulation mode or read out biological processes in recording mode. Information can be exchanged using electricity, light, magnetic fields, mechanical forces, heat, or chemical signals. fNIs have found applications for studying processes in neural circuits from cell cultures to organs to whole organisms. fNI-facilitated signal transduction schemes, coupled with easily manipulable and observable external physical signals, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This enticing field is rapidly evolving toward miniaturization and biomimicry to achieve long-term interface stability with great signal transduction efficiency. Not only has a new generation of neuroelectrodes been invented, but the use of advanced fNIs that explore other physical modalities of neuromodulation and recording has begun to increase. This review covers these exciting developments and applications of fNIs that rely on nanoelectrodes, nanotransducers, or bionanotransducers to establish an interface with the nervous system. These nano fNIs are promising in offering a high spatial resolution, high target specificity, and high communication bandwidth by allowing for a high density and count of signal channels with minimum material volume and area to dramatically improve the chronic integration of the fNI to the target neural tissue. Such demanding advances in nano fNIs will greatly facilitate new opportunities not only for studying basic neuroscience but also for diagnosing and treating various neurological diseases.

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Acknowledgements

L. G. is supported by The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (No. D17AP00031) of the USA. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense.

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  1. Yongchen Wang, Hanlin Zhu and Huiran Yang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA

    Yongchen Wang

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA

    Hanlin Zhu, Lan Luan & Chong Xie

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA

    Huiran Yang & Liang Guo

  4. Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China

    Huiran Yang

  5. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA

    Aaron D. Argall

  6. Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA

    Liang Guo

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Wang, Y., Zhu, H., Yang, H. et al. Nano functional neural interfaces. Nano Res. 11, 5065–5106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2127-4

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