Abdominoperineal Excisions in the Treatment Regimen for Advanced and Recurrent Vulvar Cancers—Analysis of a Single-Centre Experience

Abstract

Vulva cancer is the fourth leading gynaecological malignancy, accounting for approximately 4 % of all gynaecological cancers. Surgery represents the treatment of choice, and cases of advanced or recurrent vulvar cancers are to date a major challenge to multidisciplinary teams. Abdominoperineal excision (APE) in combination with vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy is the only curative treatment option. Patients’ files of all women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva who underwent abdominoperineal resection were retrospectively reviewed with special regards to technical challenges the general surgeon will face. Seven women were enrolled in this retrospective study with a median age of 71 years (range 56–79 years). In six patients, the pelvic floor after abdominoperineal excision could be closed by direct suture of the levator muscles. One woman underwent abdominoperineal resection with closure of the defect using a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap. All women underwent radical vulvectomy, in five patients in combination with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Operation time was 377 min (range 130–505 min). The median overall survival after surgery was 27 months (range 4–84 months), with a calculated 5-year survival rate of 42 %. Women with negative lymph nodes revealed a longer survival time after surgery compared to women with lymph node metastases (15.5 vs. 72 months; p = 0.09). Abdominoperineal excisions represent a powerful tool in the multidisciplinary treatment regimen of advanced or recurrent vulvar cancer. Reconstruction of the pelvic floor usually does not require myocutaneous flaps, even when facing large tumours. Despite high complication rates, radical surgery was a feasible treatment with long-term survival potential without mortality.