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Extreme pH Conditions at a Natural CO2 Vent System (Italy) Affect Growth, and Survival of Juvenile Pen Shells (Pinna nobilis)

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Abstract

Predicted pH decreases in ocean surface waters of ~0.3–0.5 and 0.7–0.8 pH units (for 2100 and 2300, respectively) are expected to negatively affect calcification processes and physiological performances of many marine organisms. Here we evaluated the response of important parameters such as growth, mortality, oxygen consumption, and mineralization of transplanted Pinna nobilis juveniles in the naturally acidified waters of a CO2 vent system. Our field experiments show a general decrease of physiological responses of juveniles for the studied parameters along a decreasing pH gradient, even if significant effects are only observed under pH values of 7.6 units (“extreme” pH). In particular, the mortality rate increased from 10–30 % over the study period at control conditions to 60–70 % at extreme pH values. We conclude that near-future decreases in pH (decreases of 0.3–0.5 pH units) may not have a significant effect on performance of P. nobilis juveniles, while predicted longer-term decreases (decreases of 0.7–0.8 pH units) could affect the survival of the species. The combination of laboratory experiments with the assessment of naturally acidified environments can provide further insights into the threshold pH affecting the performance of vulnerable marine species.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the MedSeA project (www.medsea-project.eu, contract number 265103 of the Framework Program 7 of the European Union), and ESTRESX (ref. CTM2012-32603), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. L.B. was supported by JAE pre-DOC fellowship and I.E.H. by a JAE-DOC fellowship (CSIC, Spain). We thank the staff of the Benthic Ecology research unit (Villa Dorhn, Ischia) for advice and technical support. We particularly thank Captain Vincenzo Rando for his outstanding support with all boat operations and Asier Rodriguez for his help with analysis of the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Change Department, IMEDEA, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, (Mallorca), Spain

    Lorena Basso, Iris E. Hendriks & Carlos M. Duarte

  2. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, 18002, Spain

    Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro

  3. Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy

    Maria C. Gambi

  4. The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Carlos M. Duarte

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  1. Lorena Basso
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  2. Iris E. Hendriks
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  3. Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro
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  4. Maria C. Gambi
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Correspondence to Lorena Basso.

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Communicated by Richard W. Osman

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Basso, L., Hendriks, I.E., Rodríguez-Navarro, A.B. et al. Extreme pH Conditions at a Natural CO2 Vent System (Italy) Affect Growth, and Survival of Juvenile Pen Shells (Pinna nobilis). Estuaries and Coasts 38, 1986–1999 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9936-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9936-9

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