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Woody Plant Diversity in Urban Homegardens in Northern Thailand

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Woody Plant Diversity in Urban Homegardens in Northern Thailand. Homegardens are traditional farming systems located within homesteads and are found in many countries throughout the world. The main functions of the homegardens are providing food and other goods for the household and also contributing to the generation of cash income. The number of species found in homegardens is an important trait that reflects their versatility and multiple uses. Woody homegarden plants are important because, being perennial, they represent stability from year to year, and they also produce large amounts of fruits and leaves which are important for food security and income generation. Most homegarden studies have focused on rural areas while urban homegardens have received little attention. In this study we show the importance of homegardens in an urban area by investigating woody plant diversity and the factors that drive this trait in a village in northern Thailand. We identified 94 woody plant species, most of which had edible fruits. The most common was mango (Mangifera indica), whereas economically the most important woody plant was the white fig (Ficus virens), which generated about USD 40 two times a year per tree. Thirteen household characteristics were examined using nonlinear principle analysis (NLPCA) in three dimension. Only the household head’s level of education, occupation, and the age of the household were significantly correlated with diversity indices. Moreover, diversity (Shannon and Gini-Simpson indices) of woody plants was significantly correlated with abundance and overall species richness. However, evenness was negatively correlated with abundance.

ความหลากหลายของพืชมีเนื้อไม้ในสวนครัวเขตเมือง ของภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย. ‘สวนครัว’ คือ การทำการเกษตรภายในอาณาบริเวณบ้าน ที่พบได้ทั่วไปในหลายๆ ประเทศทั่วโลก ประโยชน์หลักของสวนครัวต่อเจ้าของคือ เป็นแหล่งอาหาร และของใช้ต่างๆ ในชีวิตประจำวัน โดยมี ‘จำนวนชนิดพืช’ ที่พบในสวนครัว เป็นปัจจัยสำคัญช่วยให้สวนครัวมีประโยชน์ใช้สอยที่หลากหลาย ในบรรดาพืชเหล่านี้ พืชมีเนื้อไม้นับเป็นหนึ่งในองค์ประกอบที่สำคัญที่สุดของสวนครัว เนื่องจากเป็นองค์ประกอบที่มีความถาวร สามารถผลิตอาหารให้แก่เจ้าของได้อย่างต่อเนื่อง เป็นเวลานาน นับว่ามีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งต่อความมั่นคงทางอาหารและรายได้ ในงานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับสวนครัวนั้น ส่วนใหญ่เน้นไปที่การศึกษาสวนครัวในพื้นชนบท ในขณะที่มีการศึกษาในเขตเมืองเพียงเล็กน้อย งานวิจัยนี้ เป็นการศึกษาความสำคัญของสวนครัว ต่อชุมชนที่อาศัยอยู่ในเขตเมือง โดยการศึกษาความหลากหลายของพืชมีเนื้อไม้ และปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อความหลากหลายนี้ โดยเลือกศึกษาจากหมู่บ้านในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย จากการศึกษาพบพืชทั้งสิ้น 94 ชนิด โดยส่วนใหญ่เป็นพืชอาหาร พืชที่พบบ่อยที่สุด คือ มะม่วง (Mangifera indica) ส่วนพืชที่มีสร้างรายได้ให้แก่เจ้าของมากที่สุดคือ ผักเฮือด (Ficus virens) แต่ละต้นสามารถสร้างรายได้ปีละ 2,400 บาท นอกจากนี้ ในการศึกษานี้ ได้ทำการศึกษาตัวแปร จำนวน 13 ตัวแปร ที่คาดว่าจะมีอิทธิพลต่อโดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ nonlinear principle analysis (NLPCA) ได้ตัวแปรใหม่สามตัวแปร จากนั้นนำตัวแปรทั้งสามมาวิเคราะห์สหสัมพันธ์กับดัชนีความหลากหลาย สรุปได้ว่า ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความหลากหลายของพืชในสวนครัว ได้แก่ อายุของสวนครัว ระดับการศึกษาและอาชีพของหัวหน้าครอบครัว นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าค่าดัชนีความหลากหลาย (Shannon และ Gini-Simpson indices) มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกอย่างมีนัยสำคัญกับจำนวนต้น และชนิดพืชมีเนื้อไม้ที่พบในสวนครัว อย่างไรก็ตามพบว่า จำนวนต้นที่พบมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับความสม่ำเสมอ

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Acknowledgments

We thank all villagers in Takrai who contributed to the success of the research. We also acknowledge the financial support from DPST, National Research Council Thailand, and Plant Germplasm Conservation Project of H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.

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Panyadee, P., Balslev, H., Wangpakapattanawong, P. et al. Woody Plant Diversity in Urban Homegardens in Northern Thailand. Econ Bot 70, 285–302 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-016-9348-9

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