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A monograph of Cyrtostachys (Arecaceae)

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Summary

Cyrtostachys Blume (Areceae: Arecaceae) is treated in this study as a genus of tree palms with a disjunct distribution pattern across Malesia and consisting of seven species. Three species are newly recognised (C. bakeri Heatubun, C. barbata Heatubun and C. excelsa Heatubun). Five previously accepted species (C. brassii Burret, C. kisu Becc., C. microcarpa Burret, C. peekeliana Becc. and C. phanerolepis Burret) are reduced to synonymy with C. loriae Becc. and one species (C. compsoclada Burret) is removed to Heterospathe as Heterospathe compsoclada (Burret) Heatubun, while C. ledermanniana Becc. is considered as a doubtful taxon. A determination key is presented and detailed descriptions provided for all taxa. A phylogenetic analysis of all species in the genus was performed based on morphological data. Despite the poorly resolved tree topologies, Cyrtostachys is resolved as monophyletic, with C. glauca H. E. Moore as sister to all other species, and the west Malesian species C. renda Blume probably representing a dispersal from within a Papuasian clade into the Sunda shelf. Natural history observations, including uses and conservation status are also presented in this monograph.

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Acknowledgements

Many individuals and institutes contributed to the completion of this work. We would like to thank the curators and staff of herbaria A, AAU, BH, BO, BRI, FI, K, KEP, L, LAE, MAN, PNH, SAN and SING for access to their specimens, databases and for providing loans in many cases. Dr Hannah Banks is thanked for assistance with pollen laboratory work and microscopy. Dr Sander van der Kaars provided fossil pollen information. Lucy T. Smith prepared the elegant plates.

This research was conducted while CDH did his Master’s degree in Institut Pertanian Bogor. CDH would like to thank the Dransfields, the Bakers and the staff of the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew for their support and hospitality during his recent visits. Special thanks to Marthinus Iwanggin, Piter Gusbager, Herkilaus Rumakewi, Tobias Paiki, Krisma Lekitoo, Piter Matani, Maikel Simbiak, Hermus Indou for help during fieldtrips to Tanah Papua. Financial support came from BPPS DIKTI Depdiknas, local government of Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat and local government of Kabupaten Manokwari, the BAT Biodiversity Partnership to the PONG project of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Pacific Biological Foundation, the Sibbald Trust, and the Ethnobotanical Conservation Organisation for South East Asia (ECO-SEA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314, Papua Barat, Indonesia

    Charlie D. Heatubun

  2. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley & John Dransfield

  3. Herbarium Bogoriense, Puslitbang Biologi LIPI, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 22, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

    Johanis P. Mogea

  4. Biology Department, Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Baranangsiang, Bogor, 16680, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

    Charlie D. Heatubun & Sri S. Tjitrosoedirdjo

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Correspondence to Charlie D. Heatubun.

List of Specimens Examined and Identified

List of Specimens Examined and Identified

Species numbers are given in brackets and in bold after collection numbers.

Key: (1) C. bakeri, (2) C. barbata, (3) C. elegans, (4) C. excelsa, (5) C. glauca, (6) C. loriae, (7) C. renda.

Anon (Cult. Singapore) s.n. (7)

Baker et al. 1110 (6), 1138 (1); Barfod 478 (6), 482 (6); Barfod s.n. (7); Barfod & Uechirakan 41772 (7); Barfod et al. 395 (6), 454 (5), 463 (6), 467 (6), 43888 (7); BCS-EFA-LM et al. SAN 86702 (7); Beccari PB2674 (7), PB3438 (7), PB4038 (7); Bernstein 278 (7); Bequin 457 (7); Brass 7162 (6), 7757 (6), 13707 (2), 13807 (6)

Carr 12253 (6); Clemens 1353 (6), 21377 (7); Croft et al. LAE 68805 (5); Curtis 3527 (7)

Desianto 01 (6); Derbyshire 867 (6); Derbyshire & Hoogland 8020 (6); Dransfield JD713 (7), JD1252 (7), JD7279 (7)

Elizabeth 111 (7); Essig & Katik LAE 55009 (5); Essig & Young LAE 74052 (6)

Furtado SFN 3/1/06 (3), 3/1/28 (3), 3/1/68 (7); Furtado s.n. (7)

Guppy 235 (6); Gusbager 23 (6)

Heatubun et al. 194 (3), 208 (6), 279 (6), 330 (4), 341 (3), 527 (6), 532 (6), 533 (6), 546 (6), 547 (6); Hoogland & Craven 10114 (6)

Kajewski 2220 (6); Kanehira & Hatusima 12747 (3), 12851 (3); Katik LAE 62219 (5); Keith 2491 (7); Kerr 14332 (7); Kjaer & Magun 512 (5); Korthals s.n. (7); Kostermans s.n. (6)

Lörzing 12083 (7)

Maturbongs 654 (6); Meijer Dress 501 (6); Mogea 2990 (7); Moore 9272 (5); Morren & Frodin 3189 (6)

Niyondham 852 (7)

Peekel 444 (6); Polak s.n. (7); Pullen 1692 (6), 7305 (6), 8198 (5), 8212 (5), 8231 (5), 8409 (5)

Saleh 1214 (7); Schoode 2248 (6); Schoute s.n. (7)

Takeuchi 8770 (5); Takeuchi et al. 13217 (5); Teysmann s.n. (7)

van Royen 4734 (6)

Whitmore BSIP 3945 (6), 4210 (6); Widyatmoko 399 (7), 400 (7); Wood 1111 (7)

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Heatubun, C.D., Baker, W.J., Mogea, J.P. et al. A monograph of Cyrtostachys (Arecaceae). Kew Bull 64, 67–94 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-009-9096-4

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