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Molecular Data Helps Traditional Taxonomy: Re-evaluation of Reseda collina (Resedaceae), and a New Record for Europe

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Abstract

Reseda collina is included in Reseda section Phyteuma, a monophyletic and morphologically well-defined group that is also characterized by taxonomic problems regarding species circumscription. The status of this species has been controversial, usually being subordinated to the widespread R. phyteuma. A study of R. collina and allied taxa based on morphological and molecular (nuclear ITS, plastid trnL-F) data supports the taxonomic identity of R. collina and its separation from R. phyteuma. An epitype is designated to support the holotype and prevent future nomenclature problems. In addition, our molecular and morphological analyses suggest that some problematic southeastern Iberian populations, previously identified as R. phyteuma, belong to R. collina, which implies a new European record for this species that was previously considered as a northwestern African endemic. Following this finding, biogeographic relationships between the southern Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Africa are also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank M. Míguez and F.J. Fernández for technical support; the curators of ALME, AMD, BM, C, DBN, E, GDA, GH, HUAL, IBF, K, MA, MGC, O, RNG, S, SEV, UPOS and UPS herbaria for the loan of specimens, granting permission for DNA extractions and providing photographs of type material. We are also grateful to M. Escudero, M. Luceño and to two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on the manuscript. The Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid kindly provided facilities for using the electron microscope. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and the Andalusian Government through the projects CGL2005-06017-C02-02/BOS and P06-RMM-4128, respectively. The experiments performed for this research comply with the current laws of Spain.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain

    Santiago Martín-Bravo & Pedro Jiménez-Mejías

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  1. Santiago Martín-Bravo
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  2. Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
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Correspondence to Santiago Martín-Bravo.

Appendices

Appendix 1

List of the studied herbarium specimens of Reseda collina

Algeria: Oran, collines pierreuses de l´Ouest, 27 Apr 1842, Durieu (K, Fig. 5); Oran, 9 Apr 1856, E. Cosson (K, S); Oran, Jun 1844, Durieu (MPU, photo!); Oran, à Gambetta, lieux incultes, 13 May 1909, A. Faure (AMD, BM); Circà Oran, 1849, Boissier & Reuter (UPS, O); Oran, in arenosis, Apr 1851, Munby (BM, DBN); Oran, in collibus arenosis maritimis, Apr 1856, Munby (BM); Oran, rochers des falaises, 10 Oct 1859, E. Bourgeau (GH); Oran, champs, 16 Apr 1881, O. Debeaux (BM); Oran, in arvis siccis, 15 Apr 1884, O. Debeaux (MA); Oran, vallou de voiseux, 23 Mar 1934, R. Maire & E. Wilczek (MA); Coteaux incultes avoisinant la Batterie espagnole, près d´ Oran, 23 Apr 1852, B. Balansa (MPU, photo!); Rochers des falaises à Oran, 10 Apr 1856, E. Bourgeau (MPU, photo!).

Morocco: Marruecos, Beni-Snassen, subiendo hacia el puerto de Taforalt, bosque de Tetraclinis articulata sobre calizas, taludes junto a la carretera, 34º50´ N, 2º24´ W, 495 m, 20 Apr 2004, S. Martín Bravo (UPOS, designated epitype, Fig. 7, isoepitypes G, K, MA, RNG); Bou Idoudane El Hamman, hacia Ahrour, tomillares basófilos, 34º56´ N, 3º25´ W, 400 m, 14 Apr 1994, A.M. Romo et al. (BM, RNG); Ctra. a Al-Hoceima, puerto de Kassita, taludes rocosos junto a la carretera, sobre margas áridas, 34º54´ N, 3º48´ W, 590 m, 22 Apr 2004, S. Martín Bravo & P. Vargas (UPOS); Beni Snassen, Taforalt, pinar de Pinus halepensis, taludes rocosos al borde de la ctra., sobre areniscas, 34º47´ N, 2º24´ W, 870 m, 21 Apr 2004, S. Martín Bravo (UPOS); Imzourene, 6 km W of Al Hoceima on road to Torres de Alcala, N to NE facing hillsides, dry clay/loam on limestone, 35º13´ N, 3º59´ W, 28 Feb 1994, S.L. Jury et al. (RNG); Sidi Slimane, wilaya d´Oujda, Monts des Beni-Snassen, Taforalt, petit affleurement calcaire au ras du sol dans une friche, 34º47´ N, 2º24´ W, 860 m, 10 Mar 1995, J. Lambinon & G. Van den Sande (RNG); South side of mounts SW of Berkane, near Taforalt, eroded bank, 800 m, 19 Apr 1971, Davis (E, RNG, mixed with R. phyteuma); Targuist, ca. 40 km WSW of Al Hoceima, near Peñon Vélez de la Gomera, E-facing steep limestone slope near coast, 35º10´ N, 4º18´ W, 90 m, 28 Feb 1994, S.L. Jury et al. (RNG); Muley-Rechid, talus de la route, 20 Jun 1931, Sennen & Mauricio (BM, MA); Oujda, between Berkane and Taforalt, mountains of Beni-Snassen, Tetraclinis articulata forest and scrub limestones, 34º50´ N, 2º20´W, 600 m, 30 May 1993, B. Valdés et al. (RNG, SEV); Oued Selouane, hacia Irgana, pastos secos sobre terrenos calizos, 35º20´ N, 2º56´ W, 120 m, 6 Apr 1994, A.M. Romo et al. (SEV); Massif des Beni-Snassen, environs de Taforalt, rochers et lieux rocailleux, 900 m, 28 May 1931, A. Faure (BM); Ulad-Settut, à Muley-Rechid, coteaux, 22 May 1932, Sennen & Mauricio (MA); Muley-Rechid, Ulad-Settut, talus, 12 Jun 1934, Sennen & Mauricio (MA); Nador, Kebdana, Azrou Aujdiou, matorrales del Rosmarino-Ericion, 790 m, 7 Apr 1994, A.M. Romo et al. (RNG); Melilla, Rostro Gordo, 10 Apr 1912, Caballero (MA); Melilla, Mazuza, 17 Apr 1932, Herbarium Pau (MA); Melilla, Mazuza, 26 Feb 1933, Pardo & Martí (MA).

Spain: Almería province: Loma de las Cabras, 2 May 1989, J.M. Sánchez Prados (MGC); Boca de Berciel, 2 May 1989, J.M. Sánchez Prados (MGC); Almería, camino de Dalías, 20 Apr 1989, J.M. Sánchez Prados (MGC); Almería, Berja, Sierra de Gádor, 1,000 m, 19 Apr 1951, Hno. Jerónimo (ALME); Barranco del Caballar, 26 Apr 1951, Hno. Jerónimo (ALME); Almería, Sierra de Gádor, Rambla Molinos, 30SWF2676, 400 m, 25 May 1996, E. Giménez & F. Gómez-Mercado (HUAL); Sierra de Gádor, Énix, 30SWF3581, 730 m, 11 Apr 1996, E. Giménez & F. Gómez-Mercado (HUAL); Sierra de Gádor, Rambla del Boquerón, 30SWF0977, 400 m, 1 Apr 1996, E. Giménez & F. Gómez-Mercado (HUAL); Sierra de Gádor, cara sur, 950 m, 20 Jun 1991, J. Cabello et al. (HUAL); Sierrecilla, 600 m, 30 Feb 1996, E. Giménez & F. Gómez-Mercado (HUAL); Barranco del Caballón, Apr 1960, Muñoz Medina (GDA); Sierra de Gádor, May 1974, Hno. Jerónimo (GDA); Campos de Dalías, Matagorda, bordes de invernadero, 30SWF1464, 31 Mar 1983, A. Belén Robles & A. Ortega (GDA); entre Pechina y Los Baños de Sierra Alhamilla, tomillar semiárido sobre enclave de margas yesíferas y yesos del Mioceno superior, 30SWF517882, 200−220 m, 18 May 1983, R. Lázaro Suau (ALME); entre Berja y Ugíjar, ruderal, 600 m, 15 Feb 1979, Molero Mesa & Pérez Raya (MA); de Alhama de Almería a Enix, pasado el Marchal de Antón López, 15 May 1986, Fernández et al. (MA); Barranco del Caballar, roquedos calizos, laderas margosas, 110 m, 6 Mar 1982, A. Barra et al. (MA); Dalías, A.M. Fernández & J.J. González (MA); El Ejido de Dalías, Jan 1970, J. Fernández Casas (MA); Sierra de Gádor, Berja, 21 Jun 1934, Hno. Jerónimo (MA); Almería, 2,000 ft, R. Clemente (MA); Roquetas, 20 Mar 1921, Gros (MA); La Roqueta, 26 Mar 1883, N.H. Nilsson (UPS).

Appendix 2

List of the herbarium specimens used for Fig. 3

Reseda phyteuma. Photo a, Spain, Almería, prope pagum Viator, in arenosis, sol. schistoso, 60−100 m, May 1890, Porta & Rigo (IBF). Photo c, Spain, Málaga, Ronda, alrededores del pueblo, pinar de Pinus pinea, suelos arcillosos profundos, 36º45′ N, 5º10′ W, 670 m, 8 Apr 2006, S. Martín Bravo (UPOS). Photo e, Spain, Madrid, Valdemoro, cunetas de la N-IV, 40º08′ N, 3º39′ W, 622 m, 19 Apr 2004, P. Vargas (UPOS). Photo g, Spain, Sevilla, entre Casariche y Badolatosa, taludes de la carreteras sobre suelos margosos, 37º18′ N, 4º44′ W, 331 m, 28 May 2004, S. Martín Bravo (UPOS).

R. collina. Photo b, Morocco, ctra. a Al-Hoceima, puerto de Kassita, taludes rocosos junto a la carretera, sobre margas áridas, 34º54′ N, 3º48′ W, 590 m, 22 Apr 2004, S. Martín Bravo & P. Vargas (UPOS). Photos d, f, Morocco, Beni Snassen, Taforalt, pinar de Pinus halepensis, taludes rocosos al borde de la ctra., sobre areniscas, 34º47′48′′ N, 2º24′00′′ W, 870 m, 21 Apr 2004, S. Martín Bravo (UPOS). Photo h, Spain, Almería, camino de Dalías, 20 Apr 1989, J.M. Sánchez Prados (MGC).

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Martín-Bravo, S., Jiménez-Mejías, P. Molecular Data Helps Traditional Taxonomy: Re-evaluation of Reseda collina (Resedaceae), and a New Record for Europe. Folia Geobot 44, 399–421 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-009-9052-y

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