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Mechano-biological Coupling of Cellular Responses to Microgravity

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Abstract

Cellular response to microgravity is a basic issue in space biological sciences as well as space physiology and medicine. It is crucial to elucidate the mechano-biological coupling mechanisms of various biological organisms, since, from the principle of adaptability, all species evolved on the earth must possess the structure and function that adapts their living environment. As a basic element of an organism, a cell usually undergoes mechanical and chemical remodeling to sense, transmit, transduce, and respond to the alteration of gravitational signals. In the past decades, new computational platforms and experimental methods/techniques/devices are developed to mimic the biological effects of microgravity environment from the viewpoint of biomechanical approaches. Mechanobiology of plant gravisensing in the responses of statolith movements along the gravity vector and the relevant signal transduction and molecular regulatory mechanisms are investigated at gene, transcription, and protein levels. Mechanotransduction of bone or immune cell responses and stem cell development and tissue histogenesis are elucidated under microgravity. In this review, several important issues are briefly discussed. Future issues on gravisensing and mechanotransducing mechanisms are also proposed for ground-based studies as well as space missions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Key Basic Research Foundation of China grant 2011CB710900. The authors are grateful to their contributions of project co-PIs from Profs./Drs. Weiming Cai, Bin Chen, Li Chen, Yubo Fan, Dacheng He, Jie Le, Min Liu, Xiangdong Luo, Dachuan Yin, and Yong Zhao. We also thank to Dr. Debin Mao and Mr. Chengzhi Wang for their technical assistances.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 15 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100190, China

    Mian Long, Yuren Wang & Dongyuan Lü

  2. Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 15 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100190, China

    Mian Long & Dongyuan Lü

  3. Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China

    Huiqiong Zheng

  4. School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Xi’an, China

    Peng Shang

  5. State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China

    Enkui Duan

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  1. Mian Long
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Long, M., Wang, Y., Zheng, H. et al. Mechano-biological Coupling of Cellular Responses to Microgravity. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 27, 505–514 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9464-7

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