Abstract
The paper starts off by defining cultural heritage and how the concept has extended over time. Then, after attesting to the fragility of our heritage, it continues with the awareness of the need to enable its transmission to posterity. It pinpoints a change in the philosophy of preservation practices, with the preference of prevention over intervention. Then it goes on to define the contribution of geomatics to knowledge, seen as a prerequisite to any decision-making, and to outline the models produced by the techniques classified as part of geomatics: discrete and continuous models, with different balances between the accuracy and efficacy of the descriptions. Some considerations follow on the geomatics tools and techniques now available to document the cultural heritage, with particular reference to the possibility of recording high-resolution data and integrating information from different sensors. The problems presented are illustrated with some examples of applications and the paper concludes by identifying some current research topics.
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Notes
For full information on this question, it is pointed out that in 2003 UNESCO drew up a Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
"Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio", Italian law n. 42, 22/01/2004.
Carta del Rischio, by Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione (MIBAC Italian Ministry) http://www.cartadelrischio.it/.
The Risk Map introduces the term “iconometric model” to define such a system.
The “Guidelines for the Assessment and Reduction of Seismic Risk” set out in Directorate-General of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities circular n. 26 (2 December 2010) go in the same direction.
“In all works of preservation, restoration or excavation, there should always be precise documentation in the form of analytical and critical reports, illustrated with drawings and photographs.” [Art. 16, Venice Charter, 1964].
Data can be acquired with different accuracy properties, depending on a lot of parameters; some of them are related to the instrument model, others are related to its set up. In the present case study a HDS6000 (by Leica Geosystems) laser scanner has been used.
Resolution is the smallest variation that can be recorded by the measuring tool on the basis of its technical characteristics or operating settings.
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Peer reviewed version of the paper presented at conference on Geodesy and Geomatics held at Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome on June 3, 2014.
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Tucci, G., Bonora, V. Geomatics and management of at-risk cultural heritage. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 26 (Suppl 1), 105–114 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-015-0427-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-015-0427-0