Abstract
This study develops a novel reliability-based approach for the analysis and design of piles by incorporating Serviceability Limit State (SLS) requirements into Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for Ultimate Limit States (ULS). Three methods for reliability-based analysis and design, namely the Mean Value First Order Second Moment (MVFOSM) method, the Advanced First Order Second Moment (AFOSM) method, and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, are employed for comparison. In order to expediently quantify model uncertainties for SLS and incorporate them into the process of reliability-based analysis and design of piles, the SLS model factor (or bias factor) is established based on a two-parameter, hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation. Herein, the limiting tolerable foundation settlement (s lt) is treated as a random variable. Four load test databases from South Africa presented by Dithinde et al. (2011) are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and calculate resistance factors. The case studies illustrate that the AFOSM method has the higher accuracy than the MVFOSM method as verified using the MCS method. This study recommends the AFOSM method to perform reliability analysis and determine resistance factors for Reliability-Based Design (RBD).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASHTO (2005). AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications 3th edition (2005 Interim Revisions), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
Christian, J. T., Ladd, C. C., and Baecher, G. B. (1994). “Reliability applied to slope stability analysis.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 12, pp. 2180–2207.
Dithinde, M., Phoon, K. K., Wet, M. D., and Retief, J. V. (2011). “Characterization of model uncertainty in the static pile design formula.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 137, No. 1, pp. 70–85.
Fenton, G. A., Grifths, D. V., and Cavers, W. (2005). “Resistance factors for settlement design.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 1422–1436.
Kwak, K., Kim, K. J., Huh, J., Lee, J. H., and Park, J. H. (2010). “Reliability-based calibration of resistance factors for static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 47, No. 5, 528–538.
Phoon, K. K. and Kulhawy, F. H. (2008). “Serviceability limit state reliability-based design.” Reliability-based Design in Geotechnical Engineering: Computation and Applications, Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (1995). Reliabilitybased design of foundations for transmission line structures, Report TR-105000, EPRI, Palo Alto.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (2003). “Multiple Resistance Factor Design (MRFD) for shallow transmission line structure foundations.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 9, pp. 807–818.
Phoon, K. K., Quek, S. T., Chow, Y. K., and Lee, S. L. (1990). “Reliability analysis of pile settlement.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 116, No. 11, pp. 1717–1735.
Quek, S. T., Chow, Y. K., and Phoon, K. K. (1992). “Further contributions to reliability-based pile settlement analysis.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 5, pp. 726–742.
Quek, S. T., Phoon, K. K., and Chow, Y. K. (1991). “Pile group settlement: A probabilistic approach.” International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 11, pp. 817–832.
Wang, Y. (2009). “Reliability index for serviceability limit state of drilled shafts under undrained compression.” Journal of Geo Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 113–118.
Wang, Y. and Kulhawy, F. H. (2008). “Reliability index for serviceability limit state of building foundations.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 134, No. 11, pp. 1587–1594.
Whitman, R. V. (1984). “Evaluating calculated risk in geotechnical engineering.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 110, No. 2, pp. 143–188.
Whitman, R. V. (2000). “Organizing and evaluating uncertainty in geotechnical engineering.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 583–593.
Zhang, L. M., Li, D. Q., and Tang, W. H. (2005). “Reliability of bored pile foundations considering bias in failure criteria.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1086–1093.
Zhang, L. M. and Ng, A. M. Y. (2005). “Probabilistic limiting tolerable displacements for serviceability limit state design of foundations.” Geotechnique, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 151–161.
Zhang, L. M., Tang, W. H., and Ng, C. W. W. (2001). “Reliability of axially loaded driven pile groups.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 127, No. 12, pp. 1051–1060.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bian, Xy., Zheng, Jj. & Xu, Zj. Incorporating serviceability limit state requirements into reliability-based analysis and design of piles. KSCE J Civ Eng 19, 904–910 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0455-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0455-1