Skip to main content
Log in

Assisting with Qualification Completion by Applying the Concept of Occupational Identity as Conferred before Self-Inference: a Longitudinal Case Study of Bakery Apprentices

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Vocations and Learning Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes the utilisation of a method for matching qualifications’ graduate profile outcomes to job roles and work responsibilities as apprenticeship progresses. In so doing, attainment of qualifications is made possible through the workplace validation of graduate profiles. Conferred occupational identity by other workers or managers before apprentices’ self-inference is argued to provide reliability to the validation process. The data supporting the premises introduced and discussed in this article are derived from a longitudinal study of bakers’ apprenticeship. In the study, the metaphoric phases of “belonging to a workplace, becoming and being” are used to explain apprentices’ progressive occupational roles as allocated through work tasks. Occupational responsibilities alter as apprentices proceed through proximal participation into apprenticeship. Apprentices begin as junior apprentices, progressing to nascent bakers, senior apprentices, bakers as conferred by workmates and supervisors, and eventually charge-hands or shift leaders, overseeing other bakery workers. Therefore, apprentices’ occupational identity become associated with designated job roles as accompanied by the role’s attendant tasks and work responsibilities. When apprentices are able to complete assigned duties, other workers confer the occupational descriptors on apprentices before apprentices eventually infer their status within the organisational hierarchy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Billett, S. (2002). Toward a workplace pedagogy: Guidance, participation, and engagement. Adult Education Quarterly, 53(1), 27–43.

  • Billett, S. (2004). Learning through work: Workplace participatory practices. In H. Rainbird, A. Fuller, & A. Munro (Eds.), Workplace learning in context (pp. 1–20). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billett, S. (2006). Work, subjectivity and learning. In S. Billett, T. Fenwick, & M. Somerville (Eds.), Work, subjectivity and learning: Understanding learning through working life (pp. 1–20). Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Billett S. (2011). Vocational education: Purposes, traditions and prospects. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

  • Billett, S., & Somerville, M. (2004). Transformation at work: Identity and learning. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 309–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Solomon, N. (2003). “I don’t think I am a learner”: Acts of naming learners at work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 15(7/8), 326–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker, R., & Cooper, F. (2000). Beyond identity. Theory and Society, 29, 1–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. (2013). Learning through apprenticeship: belonging to the workplace, becoming and being. Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional. Education, 6(3), 367–383. doi:10.1007/s12186-013-9100-x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. (2014). Crafting an occupational identity: learning the precepts of craftsmanship through apprenticeship. Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional. Education, 7(3), 313–330. doi:10.1007/s12186-014-9117-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, S. (2016). New Zealand’s move to graduate-profile framed qualifications: implications, challenges and the occupational identity solution. International Journal of Training Research, 14(1), 5–18. doi:10.1080/14480220.2016.1156315#.VyEW8XF96VM.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coe, P. J. (2013). Apprenticeship programme requirements and apprenticeship completion rates in Canada. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 65(4), 575–605. doi:10.1080/13636820.2013.855649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collin, K. (2009). Work related identity in individual and social learning. Journal of Workplace Learning, 21(1), 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collin, K., Paloniemi, S., Virtanen, A., & Etelapelto, A. (2008). Constraints and challenges on learning and construction of identities at work. Vocation and Learning, 1(3), 191–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick, T., & Somerville, M. (2006). Work, subjectivity and learning: Prospects and issues. In S. Billett, T. Fenwick, & M. Somerville (Eds.), Work, subjectivity and learning: Understanding learning through working life (pp. 247–266). Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filliettaz, L. (2010). Dropping out of apprenticeship programs: evidence from the Swiss vocational education system and methodological perspectives for research. International Journal of Training Research, 8(2), 141–153. doi:10.5172/ijtr.8.2.141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamble, J. (2001). Modelling the invisible: the pedagogy of craft apprenticeship. Studies in Continuing Education, 23(2), 185–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA. London: MIT Press.

  • Gomez, M. L., Bouty, I., & Drucker-Godard, C. (2003). Developing knowing in practice: Behind the scenes of haute cuisine. In D. Nicolini, S. Gherardi, & D. Yanow (Eds.), Knowing in organisations: A practice-based approach (pp. 100–125). Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. (1995). Contemporary educational psychology (5th Ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.

  • Goodwin, J., & O’Connor, H. (2005). Exploring complex transitions: Looking back at the 'golden age' of youth transitions. Sociology, 39(2), 201–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. T., & Chandler, D. E. (2005). Psychological success: When the career is a calling. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26, 155–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R., Simons, M., Symons, H., & Clayton, B. (2001). Factors that contribute to retention and completion in apprenticeships & traineeships Australian apprenticeships: Research readings. Adelaide, Australia: National Centre of Vocational Education Research.

  • Hodkinson, P., Biesta, G., & James, D. (2008). Understanding learning culturally: Overcoming the dualism between social and individual views of learning. Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional Education., 1(1), 27–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, L. (2013). Realist and relational perspectives on graduate identity and employability: a response to Hinchliffe and Jolly. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1044–1059.

  • Jeffcoat, S., & Jeffcoat, M. (2006). Evaluation of the modern apprenticeship programme. Wellington, New Zealand: Tertiary Education Commission.

  • Kirpal, S. (2004). Researching work identities in a European context. Career Development International, 9(3), 199–221.

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  • Lehmann, W. (2007). Choosing to labour? School to work transitions and social class. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

  • Lu, T. (2015). The returns to completion or partial completion of a qualification in the trades. National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Adelaide, South Australia.

  • Masdonati, J. (2010). The transition from school to vocational education and training: a theoretical model and transition support programme. Journal of Employment and Counselling, 47(1), 20–29. doi:10.1002/j.2161–1920.2010.tb00087.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education (2015). Education counts: apprentice / trainees completion. Retrieved from https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/excel_doc/0007/16297/Achievement-in-industry-training.xlsx

  • Murray, N. (2001) A History of Apprenticeship in New Zealand. Unpublished MSocSci thesis, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.

  • Papadopoulos, D. (2008). the ruins of representation: Identity, individuality, subjectification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 139–165. doi:10.1348/014466607X187037.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penuel, W. P., & Wertsch, V. (1995). Vygotsky and identity formation. A sociocultural approach. Educational Psychologist, 30(2), 83–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reedgard, K. (2015). Sales assistants in the making: learning through responsibility. Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional. Education, 8(2), 117–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoff, B. (1995). Observing sociocultural activity on three planes: Participatory appropriation, guided participation and apprenticeship. In J. V. Wertsch, P. Del Rio, & A. Alverez (Eds.), Sociocultural Studies of Mind (pp. 139–164). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.

  • Skorikov, V., & Vondracek, F. (1998). Vocational identity development: Its relationship to other identity domains and to overall identity development. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(1), 13–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snell, D., & Hart, A. (2008). Reasons for non-completion and dissatisfaction among apprentices and trainees: A regional case study. International Journal of Training Research, 6(1), 44–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tertiary Education Commission (NZ) (2015). New Zealand Apprenticeships. Retrieved from http://www.tec.govt.nz/Learners-Organisations/Learners/Learn-about/Apprenticeships/

  • Torres, V., Howard-Hamilton, M. F., & Cooper, D. L. (2003). Identity development of diverse populations: Implications for teaching and administration in higher education [ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Volume 29, Number 6]. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Periodicals.

  • Vaughan., K., Bonne, L., & Eyre, J. (2016). Knowing Practice: Vocational Thresholds for GPs, Carpenters, and Engineering Technicians. Wellington: NZCER and Ako Aotearoa. Available at http://www.nzcer.org.nz/research/publications/knowing-practice-vocational-thresholds-gps-carpenters-and-engineering

  • Vickerstaff, S. (2007). I was just the boy around the place: what made apprenticeships successful? Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 59(3), 331–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vondracek, F. (1992). The construct of identity and its use in career theory and research. Careers Development Quarterly, 41(2), 130–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1998). Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Selena Chan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chan, S. Assisting with Qualification Completion by Applying the Concept of Occupational Identity as Conferred before Self-Inference: a Longitudinal Case Study of Bakery Apprentices. Vocations and Learning 10, 121–140 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-016-9164-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-016-9164-5

Keywords

Navigation