Abstract
Despite the recent introduction of a new class of anti-Aspergillus agents, no standard regimen for the prevention of invasive fungal disease (IFD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been shown to be superior to fluconazole. The present prospective, single-arm study investigated the feasibility of voriconazole (VOR) administration as primary prophylaxis in 52 recipients of umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) with fludarabine-based conditioning, who had no previous IFD episodes. Proven or probable IFD was determined using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria were considered as breakthrough infections. VOR was administered as prophylaxis for a total of 6884 patient-days following CBT. The mean duration of VOR administration after transplantation was 132 days (range, 1–769); 44 patients (85 %) had advanced disease, 15 (29 %) had a history of allogeneic HSCT, and 29 (56 %) received systemic corticosteroid therapy for allogeneic immune-mediated complications. Under the prophylaxis with VOR, one patient developed probable invasive aspergillosis on day 71, and the cumulative incidence of IFD was 4.5 % at day 180. None of the patients developed breakthrough candida or zygomycetes infections. Under the extensive therapeutic dose monitoring, VOR was safely administered with a calcineurin inhibitor and was well tolerated. These results suggest that VOR represents a feasible primary prophylactic agent for IFD after CBT with fludarabine-based conditioning.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Pfizer Japan Inc. for measuring VOR plasma concentrations. The authors also thank all physicians, nurses, pharmacists, transplantation coordinator (Ms. Madoka Narita), data managers (Ms. Naomi Yamada, Ms. Rumiko Tsuchihashi and Ms. Kaoru Kobayashi), and support personnel for their compassionate care of the patients involved in this study, which was supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Research Grant for Allergic Disease and Immunology H20-015).
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The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Takagi, S., Araoka, H., Uchida, N. et al. A prospective feasibility study of primary prophylaxis against invasive fungal disease with voriconazole following umbilical cord blood transplantation with fludarabine-based conditioning. Int J Hematol 99, 652–658 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-014-1529-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-014-1529-7