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Optimization of Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Flavonoids from Momordica foetida Using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and Multivariate Chemometric Approaches

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Abstract

Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) has been classified as a green extraction technology, which is used for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. However, very few optimization strategies for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds have been done. In the current study, optimization of PHWE of flavonoids from Momordica foetida was attempted with the aid of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) and multivariate chemometric models. Plant metabolite extraction was achieved by altering the extraction temperature (100–300 °C) during PHWE. UHPLC-qTOF-MS analysis of the extracts revealed temperatures between 150 and 250 °C to be optimal for the extraction of flavonoid molecules. Furthermore, analysis of the data using multivariate models such as principal component analysis (PCA) revealed various flavonoid distribution patterns between extracts obtained using these various temperatures. In addition, isomeric flavonoids with similar structural core conformations were also seen to be differentially extracted at the various temperatures. The use of UHPLC-MS and high-dimensional chemometric models allowed for comprehensive optimization of the PHWE. The use of MS in combination with PCA is an excellent approach to evaluate the quality and content of pharmacologically relevant metabolites from subcritical fluid plant extracts.

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Compliance with Ethical Standards

Funding

This study was partially funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the University of Johannesburg (grant number: TTK13061118894).

Conflict of Interest

BS Khoza declares that he has no conflict of interest. IA Dubery declares that he has no conflict of interest. H-A Byth-Illing declares that she has no conflict of interest. PA Steenkamp declares that he has no conflict of interest. L Chimuka declares that he has no conflict of interest. NE Madala declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa

    B. S. Khoza, I. A. Dubery, H.-A. Byth-Illing, P. A. Steenkamp & N. E. Madala

  2. CSIR Biosciences, Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    P. A. Steenkamp

  3. Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa

    L. Chimuka

Authors
  1. B. S. Khoza
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  2. I. A. Dubery
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  3. H.-A. Byth-Illing
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  4. P. A. Steenkamp
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  5. L. Chimuka
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  6. N. E. Madala
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Correspondence to N. E. Madala.

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Khoza, B.S., Dubery, I.A., Byth-Illing, HA. et al. Optimization of Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Flavonoids from Momordica foetida Using UHPLC-qTOF-MS and Multivariate Chemometric Approaches. Food Anal. Methods 9, 1480–1489 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0302-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0302-8

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