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Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Clenbuterol Chiral Determination in Animal Feed by Direct Liquid Chromatography

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Abstract

A direct chiral liquid chromatography with UV detection method was developed and validated for enantiomeric determination of clenbuterol β2-agonist in feed samples for poultry. To obtain optimum chromatographic conditions for chiral separation, two commercially available columns packed with vancomycin and teicoplanin chiral stationary phase (150 × 2.1 mm i.d, 5 μm) were tested. Experimental design and response surface analysis were used to model analytical responses and to get mobile phase composition for acceptable enantioresolution and performance in low analysis time. Different sample treatments based on HCX SPE and on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method were evaluated and compared to obtain the best extraction recoveries with negligible matrix effect. Special attention was paid to compatibility between sample preparation and chiral separation to get enantioresolution and low detection limits in the high-complex sample. QuEChERS-based extraction allowed obtaining cleaner feed extracts in low sample preparation time, providing a useful and reliable method capable to control the illegal use of clenbuterol enantiomers in feed for growth promotion in food-producing animals. Reproducible recoveries, from 64 to 101 % for clenbuterol enantiomers, with relative standard deviation values within the range 1–6 %, were achieved in feed samples of poultry spiked at low concentration levels of micrograms per gram.

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Acknowledgments

The present work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (project CTQ2011-26684).

Conflict of Interest

Noelia Rosales-Conrado declares that she has no conflict of interest. María Eugenia de León-González declares that she has no conflict of interest. Luis María Polo-Díez declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Noelia Rosales-Conrado, María Eugenia de León-González & Luis María Polo-Díez

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  1. Noelia Rosales-Conrado
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  2. María Eugenia de León-González
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  3. Luis María Polo-Díez
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Correspondence to Noelia Rosales-Conrado.

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Rosales-Conrado, N., de León-González, M.E. & Polo-Díez, L.M. Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Clenbuterol Chiral Determination in Animal Feed by Direct Liquid Chromatography. Food Anal. Methods 8, 2647–2659 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0146-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0146-2

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