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Analysis of Melamine in Milk Powder and Liquid Milk by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis After Electrokinetic Supercharging

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Abstract

A method was developed to determine melamine in milk powder and liquid milk by capillary zone electrophoresis after electrokinetic supercharging. The effects of buffer acidity and concentration, the type and length of leader and terminator electrolytes, injection time and matrix effects were investigated. The optimum background electrolyte was 50 mM sodium citrate-citric acid (pH 4.5), hydrodynamic injection of 50 mM sodium chloride (24 s, 0.5 psi) as leader, electrokinetic injection of the sample (100 s, 10 kV), hydrodynamic injection of 50 mM tetrabutylammonium bromide (18 s, 0.5 psi) as terminator and then a voltage of 25 kV for separation (+25 kV). Under these conditions, the sensitivity was enhanced 2285 times when compared to a normal hydrodynamic injection with the sample volume <3 % of the capillary volume. The detection limit for melamine with this electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) system is 0.7 ng/mL. The developed method was verified by analysing milk powder and liquid milk samples, and the recovery was 29.8 and 42.1 %, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funding from the Key Technologies R&D Programme of Shandong Province (2010GSF10615) and the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Utilization of Biological resources in Universities of Shandong (2014KFB011). MCB would like to acknowledge the Australian Research Council for funding and a Future Fellowship (FT130100101).

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Conflict of Interest

Yuanqi Lu has no conflict of interest. Dunqing Wang has no conflict of interest. Chunyan Kong has no conflict of interest. Chunjing Jia has no conflict of interest. Michael C. Breadmore has no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, University West Road 566, Dezhou, 253023, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanqi Lu, Dunqing Wang, Chunyan Kong & Chunjing Jia

  2. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    Michael C. Breadmore

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  1. Yuanqi Lu
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  2. Dunqing Wang
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  3. Chunyan Kong
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  4. Chunjing Jia
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  5. Michael C. Breadmore
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Correspondence to Michael C. Breadmore.

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Lu, Y., Wang, D., Kong, C. et al. Analysis of Melamine in Milk Powder and Liquid Milk by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis After Electrokinetic Supercharging. Food Anal. Methods 8, 1356–1362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9987-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9987-3

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