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Ionic Liquid-Magnetic Nanoparticle Microextraction of Safranin T in Food Samples

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Abstract

A new two-step microextraction approach combining ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with magnetic-dispersive microsolid-phase extraction was developed for the fluorescence determination of safranin T in food samples. In the first step, ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C6MIM][PF6)) was used to extract safranin T from a sample solution with the assistance of controlled temperature conditions. Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles were then used to retrieve the ionic liquid, which were collected by application of an external magnetic field. The ionic liquid and safranin T were recovered from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles using ultrasound and an organic solvent. The effective factors in the proposed method, including type and volume of extraction solvent, pH, dispersive temperature and extraction time, type of desorption solvent, amount of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles, and ultrasound time were optimized. Under the optimal conditions (extraction solvent, 100 μL of [C6MIM][PF6]; pH 9.0; dispersive temperature, 80 °C; extraction time, 5 min; desorption solvent, acetone; amount of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles, 5 mg; ultrasound time, 120 s), the method presented has good linearity (r 2 = 0.9994) in the range of 5–300 ng mL−1. The detection limit was 0.48 ng mL−1, while the relative standard deviation for the analysis of 100 ng mL−1 of the safranin T was 1.47 % (n = 10). The method was successfully applied to the determination of safranin T in tomatoes, tomato sauce, and yuba samples, and good recovery rates (96.71–98.26 %) with relative standard deviation of below 2 % were achieved.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 21171110) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (no.20091404110001). Helpful suggestions by anonymous referees are also gratefully acknowledged.

Conflict of Interest

Lizhen Zhang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Hao Wu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Zhenzhen Liu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Nannan Gao declares she has no conflict of interest. Liming Du declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yunlong Fu declares that she has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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  1. Analytical and Testing Center, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Linfen, People’s Republic of China, 041004

    Lizhen Zhang, Hao Wu, Zhenzhen Liu, Nannan Gao, Liming Du & Yunlong Fu

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  1. Lizhen Zhang
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  2. Hao Wu
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Correspondence to Hao Wu or Liming Du.

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Zhang, L., Wu, H., Liu, Z. et al. Ionic Liquid-Magnetic Nanoparticle Microextraction of Safranin T in Food Samples. Food Anal. Methods 8, 541–548 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9927-2

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