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Selective Solid-Phase Extraction and Trace Monitoring of Lead Ions in Food and Water Samples Using New Lead-Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles

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Abstract

A solid-phase extraction method using Pb2+ ion-imprinted polymer (Pb2+-IIP) nanoparticles combined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) was developed for the preconcentration and trace monitoring of lead ions in environmental samples. The Pb2+-IIP nanoparticles were obtained by precipitation polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (the functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross-linker), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (the initiator), 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (the lead-binding ligand), and lead ions (the template ion) in acetonitrile solution. The Pb2+-IIP nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different affecting parameters on the adsorption and desorption of this solid-phase extraction process were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit for the proposed method was found to be 0.9 μg L−1, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate measurements was calculated to be <4 %. For proving that the proposed method is reliable, a range of food and water samples with different and complex matrices was used.

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Conflict of Interest

Mohammad Behbahani declares that he has no conflict of interest. Parmoon Ghareh Hassanlou declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mostafa M. Amini declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hamid Reza Moazami declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hamid Sadeghi Abandansari declares that he has no conflict of interest. Akbar Bagheri declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran

    Mohammad Behbahani, Parmoon Ghareh Hassanlou, Mostafa M. Amini, Hamid Reza Moazami, Hamid Sadeghi Abandansari & Akbar Bagheri

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Salman Hassan Zadeh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Behbahani
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  2. Parmoon Ghareh Hassanlou
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  3. Mostafa M. Amini
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  4. Hamid Reza Moazami
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  5. Hamid Sadeghi Abandansari
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  6. Akbar Bagheri
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  7. Salman Hassan Zadeh
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Correspondence to Mohammad Behbahani.

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Behbahani, M., Hassanlou, P.G., Amini, M.M. et al. Selective Solid-Phase Extraction and Trace Monitoring of Lead Ions in Food and Water Samples Using New Lead-Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. Food Anal. Methods 8, 558–568 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9924-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9924-5

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