Abstract
This paper aims to show the reverse side of the (football) medal. The N2 gateway project in Cape Town is presented, by government and media, as a ‘flagship’ project of the new Breaking New Ground strategy, to fight the housing backlog of 400,000 houses in the city. But I want to argue that the fast-tracking of the project has to be understood as a beautification strategy to prepare the city for 2010. Massive slum eradication and the construction of ‘beautiful formal housing opportunities’ between the airport and the mother city are becoming a painful reminder of the forced removals under the apartheid regime.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
In South-African housing, “gap” housing refers to housing for a particular section of people in need of a house who are “too rich” to get a subsidies house and “too poor” to access a bank loan. In 2004, this considered people with an income between R2500 and R7500 a month (Gardner 2004). For a more elaborate report on this situation I refer to Gardner, D.. Sharpening the Focus: A New Look at South Africa's Housing Strategy. Paper presented at the Housing Finance Resource Programme (Gardner 2004).
Development Action Group
References
Allen, J., O'Toole, W., McDonnell, I., & Harris, R. (1999). Festivals and special events management. Queensland: Wiley.
Andranovich, G., Burbank, M. J., & Heying, C. H. (2001). Olympic cities: Lessons learned from mega event politics. Journal of Urban Affairs, 23(2), 113–131.
Asante, M. K. (1980). International/intercultural relations. In M. K. Asante, & A. S. Vandi (Eds.), Contemporary black thought (pp. 43–58). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Barke, M., Escasany, T., & O'Hare, G. (2001). Samba: A metaphor for Rio's Favelas. Cities, 18(4), 259–270.
Berner, E. (2000). Poverty alleviation and the eviction of the poorest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(3), 536–553.
Black, D. R., & Bezanson, S. (2004). The olympic games, human rights and democratisation: Lessons from Seoul and implications for Beijing. Third World Quarterly, 25(7), 1245–1261.
Blommaert, J. (2007). Het verraad der klerken. Athens: Indymedia.
Bourdieu, P. (1999). Site effects. In P. Bourdieu (Ed.), The weight of the world, social suffering in Contemporary Society pp. 123–129. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Brittan, A., & Maynard, M. (1984). Sexism, racism and oppression. New York: Blackwell.
Broudehoux, A. M. (2004). The making and selling of Post-Mao Beijing. New York: Routledge.
Carlsen, J. (2002). A study of the community and tourism benefits of the ‘best on earth in perth’ events campaign in western Australia. Paper presented at the Events and Place Making, Sydney.
Catholic Institute for International Relations (1988). Disposable people: Forced evictions in South Korea. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations.
Chance, K. (2008). Housing and evictions at the N2 Gateway Project in Delft: Abahlali baseMjondolo.
Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Collins, P. H. (1986). Learning from the outsider within: The sociological significance of black feminist thought. Social Problems, 33(6), S14–S32.
Cornelissen, S. (2004). ‘It's Africa's Turn!’ The narratives and legitimations surrounding the Moroccan and South African Bids for the 2006 and 2010 Finals. Third World Quarterly, 25(7), 1293–1309.
Cornelissen, S. (2007). Crafting legacies: The changing political economy of global sport and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Politikon, 34(3), 241–259.
Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. New York - London: Verso.
de Vos, P. (2008a). No compassion for people who do not drive a porsche. Constitutionally Speaking, 21.07.08, from http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za
de Vos, P. (2008b). On housing, Joe Slovo and that Porsche. Constitutionally Speaking Retrieved 25.11.08, from http://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za
Deleuze, G. (2006 (1988). Foucault. London: Continuum.
Department of Housing. (2004). “Breaking new ground” - the comprehensive plan for the development of sustainable human settlements.
Department of Housing. (2008). N2 Gateway must be protected from Anarchy. 19.02.2008. Retrieved 21.07.2008, from http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2008/08022009451002.htm
Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Derrida, J. (1978). Writings and difference. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Drakakis-Smith, D. W. (2000). Third world cities. London: Routledge.
Eisinger, P. K. (2000). The politics of bread and circuses: Building the city for the visitor class. Urban Affairs Review, 35(3), 316–333.
Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. London: Routledge.
Foucault, M. (1980a). The eye of power. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977 by Michel Foucault (pp. 146–165). New York: Pantheon Books.
Foucault, M. (1980b). Thruth and power. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/Knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977 by Michel Foucault (pp. 109–133). New York: Pantheon Books.
Fredline, E., & Faulkner, B. (1998). Resident reactions to a major tourism event: The gold coast indy car race. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 5, 185–205.
Furedi, F. (2006). Where have all the intellectuals gone? Confronting 21st century philistinism. London: Continuum Press.
Gardner, D. (2004). Sharpening the Focus: A New Look at South Africa’s Housing Strategy. Paper presented at the Housing Finance Resource Programme.
Getz, D. (1991). Festivals, special events, and tourism. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Getz, D. (1997). Event management and event tourism. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Getz, D. (1999). The impact of mega events on tourism. In T. D. Anderson, C. Person, B. Sahlberg, & L.-I. Ström (Eds.), The impact of mega events. Ostersund: Eropean Tourism Research Institute (ETOUR).
Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403–428.
Goldblatt, J. (1997). Special events: Best practices in modern event management (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hagn, F., & Maennig, W. (2008). Employment effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany. Labour Economics, 15, 1062–1075.
Hall, C. M. (1992). Hallmark tourist events: impacts, management, and planning. London: Wiley.
Hart, G. (2002). Disabling globalization. Places of power in post-apartheid South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
Hiller, H. (1998). Assesing the impact of mega events: A linkage model. Current Issues in Tourism, 1(1), 47–57.
Hiller, H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: An analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 439–458.
Hooks, B. (1984). From margin to center. Boston: South End Press.
Horne, J., & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An introduction to the sociology of sports mega events. In Sports mega events: Social scientific analyses of a global phenomenon (pp. 1–24). Malden: Blackwell.
Huchzermeyer, M. (2003). Low income housing and commodified urban segregation in South-Africa. In C. Haferburg, & J. Oßenbrügge (Eds.), Ambiguous restructurings of post-apartheid Cape Town. The spatial form of socio-political cange. Münster: Lit Verlag.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage.
Khan, F. (2004). The N2 settlement upgrade lead-pilot project. Paper presented at the Isandla Institute
Kotler, P., Haider, D., & Rein, I. (1993). Marketing places. New York: Free Press.
Kühne, J. (2003). Ainterview at the housing departement CMA (Cape Town Metroplitan Area), dd. 17.10.’03. Cape Town.
Legassick, M. (2008). Western cape housing crisis: Writings on Joe Slovo and Delft. Cape Town: Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign and Socialist Alternative.
Lenskyj, H. J. (2002). The best olympics ever? Social impacts of Sydney 2000. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Macleod, C. (2002). Deconstructive discourse analysis: Extending the methodological conversation. South African Journal of Psychology, 32(1), 17–25.
Macleod, C., & Durrheim, K. (2002). Foucauldian feminism: The implications of governmentality. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 32(1), 41–60.
Matheson, V. A., & Baade, R. A. (2004). Mega-sporting events in developing nations: Playing the way to prosperity. The South African Journal of Economics, 72(5), 1085–1096.
Mihalik, B., & Simonetta, L. (1998). Resident perception of the 1996 summer olympic games-year II. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 5, 9–19.
Mules, T., & Faulkner, B. (1996). An economic perspective on special events. Tourism Economics, 2(2), 107–117.
National Department of Housing, the Western Cape Department of Housing and the City of Cape Town (2004). Briefing Document for the N2 Gateway Project. Cape Town: National Department of Housing.
Omiyi, B. (1995). The City of Lagos: Ten short essays. New York: Vantage Press.
Pagano, M., & Bowman, A. (1995). Cityscapes and capital: The politics of urban development. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Peleman, K. (2000). Bourdieu, Castells, De Certeau, Giddens, Lefebvre: wie biedt meest? De ruimte en de maakbaarheid van de samenleving. Ruimte & Planning, 20(3), 330–340.
Pillay, U., & Bass, O. (2008). Mega-events as a response to poverty reduction: The 2010 FIFAWorld Cup and its urban development implications. Urban Forum, 19(3), 329.
Republic of South Africa. (2007). Magazine 2010.
Republic of South Africa. (2008). www.sa2010.gov.za (Government/South African website/portal for the World Cup. It is the official Fifa-endorsed South African website for the 2010 Fifa World CupTM): 2010 Communication Project Management Unit, Government Communication and Information System (GCIS).
Republic of South Africa. (n.a.). Africa's time has come! South Africa is ready!
Ritchie, J. (2000). Turning 16 days into 16 years through olympic legacies. Event Management, 6, 155–165.
Rust, K. (2006). Analysis of South Africa's housing sector performance: FinMark Trust.
Skidmore, M. (2002). Karaoke fascism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Smith, C. J. (2008). Monumentality in urban design: The case of China. Eurasian Geography & Economics, 49(3), 263–279.
Smith, C. J., & Himmelfarb, K. M. G. (2007). Restructuring Beijing's social space: Observations on the Olympic Games in 2008. Eurasian Geography & Economics, 48(5), 543–554.
Smit, W., Macgregor, H., & Mgwatyu, Z. (2007). Living on the edge: A study of the Delft temporary relocation area. Cape Town: Development Action Group.
Speech by LN Sisulu Minister of Housing at the Occasion of the Budget Vote 2008/9 for the Department of Housing. (2008). Paper presented at the National Council of Provinces.
Swart, K., & Bob, U. (2004). The seductive discourse of development: The Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid. Third World Quarterly, 25(7), 1311–1324.
Taschner, S. (1995). Squatter settlements and slums in Brazil: twenty years of research and policy. In B. C. Aldrich, & R. S. Sandhu (Eds.), Housing the Urban Poor: Policy and Practice in Developing Countries (pp. 185–223). London: Zed Books.
Vecchiatto, P. (2008). FIFA happy with 2010 broadcast plan.
Whitson, D. (2004). Bringing the World to Canada: ‘The Periphery of the Centre'. Third World Quarterly, 25(7), 1215–1232.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to acknowledge the Flemish Inter-University Council of Belgium (VLIR–IUC) for their financial support, which helped to realise this research and the referees for their helpful notes and critiques.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Newton, C. The Reverse Side of the Medal: About the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the Beautification of the N2 in Cape Town. Urban Forum 20, 93–108 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-009-9048-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-009-9048-y