Abstract
This paper gives a detailed overview of contemporary authorship in Scotland through the analysis of interviews with and a survey of Scottish authors. These results are compared to previous studies to highlight the changing nature of authorship over the years. Both the survey and interview results paint a pessimistic picture of authorship in the twenty-first century, with the majority of authors earning very little from their writing and depending on alternative avenues to improve their income. Additionally, Scottish authors are not benefiting from the numerous new platforms to exploit their work through, which could help to enhance their income. This is partly because many Scottish authors still have a traditional view of publishing and do not think about their work commercially, and partly because, in many cases, their rights are controlled by their publishers and not widely exploited. This survey also found that Scottish authors with London literary agents earned more income than their counterparts with Scottish agents; however, this was mainly because they were more likely to be published with London publishers. This shows that Scottish publishers are failing their authors by not fostering their rights efficiently and effectively: fostering these rights more effectively could help supplement authors’ income.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The proliferation of self-publishing occurred after the survey and interviews were conducted, so this issue was not covered in the research.
A survey conducted by the ALCS in 2007 found that the average wage for an author in the UK was £16,531, while the typical wage was £4,000 [3].
The amount that celebrities earn from these memoirs, especially when they are ghost written, has caused contention amongst some authors [15].
The respondents were allowed to choose more than one answer for this particular question and the answers showed that many respondents wrote in more than one genre.
This is discounting the respondents who refused to disclose their annual wage.
This included authors who did not receive an advance.
This author was with a big London agency but left when that agency merged with another big agency to become a conglomerate cross-media agency.
Other reasons for hiring an agent include: To have a presence in London since the author is based in Scotland, and editorial value.
The remaining percentage is made up of authors who do not know who owns the rights and authors answered not applicable.
The remaining percentage is comprised of ‘do not know’ and ‘n/a’.
References
Baverstock A. The naked author: a guide to self-publishing. London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd.; 2011.
Boyle J. Shamans, software and spleens: law and the construction of the information society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1996.
Clark G. Inside book publishing. 4th ed. London: Routledge; 2008.
Collins A. Authorship in the days of Johnson: being a study of the relation between author, Patron, Publisher and Public, 1726–1780. London: Robert Holden & Co.; 1927.
De Bellaigue E. Trust me. I’m an agent. LOGOS J World Book Commun. 2008;19(3):109–19.
Epstein J. Book business: publishing past, present and future. New York: Norton and Co.; 2002.
Feather J. A history of British publishing. 2nd ed. London: Routledge; 2006.
Garret G. How the cookie crumbled. In: Layman R, Myerson J, editors. The professions of authorship: essays in honor of Matthew J. Bruccoli. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press; 1996. p. 18–23.
Gray A. Re: interview with Alasdair Gray for Ph.D. thesis to Melanie Ramdarshan (melanie.ramdarshan@gmail.co.uk); 24 April 2008.
Kaplan B. An unhurried view of copyright. New York: Columbia University Press; 1967.
Keynote Report. Keynotes: Market Report Book Publishing, Keynote. 2009. Accessed 26 Sept 2012. Available at: http://www.keynote.co.uk/market-intelligence/view/product/2292/book-publishing.
Legat M. An author’s guide to publishing. London: Robert Hale; 1991.
Ibid: 67.
Moran J. Star authors: literary celebrity in America. London: Pluto Press; 2000.
Mosse K. Celeb first: celebrity books are under the spotlight. Kate Mosse asks if it is the numbers, size of advances or something else fuelling the debate?: OPINION. Bookseller. 2009;5406:20.
Owen L. Selling rights. 5th ed. London: Routledge; 2006.
Page B. Authors now publishing’s ‘whipping boys’ says SoA. Bookseller. 2009. Accessed 17 Nov 2009. Available at: http://www.thebookseller.com/news/97942-authors-now-publishings-whipping-boys-says-soa.html.
Page B. Authors taking pay cuts of up to 50 %. Bookseller. 2009. Accessed 17 Nov 2009. Available at: http://www.thebookseller.com/news/96422-authors-taking-pay-cuts-of-up-to-50.html.
Ramdarshan Bold M. The rights and wrongs of operational practices in the publishing industry. Publ Res Q. 2012;28(4):345–58.
Rose M. Authors and owners, the invention of copyright. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2002.
Saint-Amour P. The copywrights: intellectual property and the literary imagination. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2003.
Thomson J. Merchants of culture: the publishing business in the twenty-first century. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2012.
Tivnan T. Author advances: it’s good for some. Bookseller. 2009. Accessed 17 November 2009. Available at: http://www.thebookseller.com/feature/author-advances-its-good-some.html.
Turow J. The organizational underpinnings of contemporary media conglomerates. Commun Res. 1992;19(6):682–704.
Ward S. The economics of authorship. In: Finkelstein D, McCleery A, editors. The Edinburgh history of the book in Scotland, vol. 4., Professionalism and Diversity 1880–2000Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2007. p. 409–30.
WIPO. Guide on surveying the economic contribution of the copyright-based industries. 2003. Accessed 28 Sept 2011. Available at: http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ipdevelopment/en/creative_industry/pdf/893.pdf.
Woodmansee M. On the author effect: recovering collectivity. In: Woodmansee M, Jaszi P, editors. The construction of authorship: textual appropriation in law and literature. Durham: Duke University Press; 1994. p. 15–28.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramdarshan Bold, M. The Sorry Tale of Contemporary Authorship: A Study of Scottish Authors. Pub Res Q 29, 73–92 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-012-9301-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-012-9301-4