Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) by extended state Kalman filtering and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based on single channel abdominal recording

  • Published:
Sadhana Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) gives information about the health status of fetus and so, an early diagnosis of any cardiac defect before delivery increases the effectiveness of appropriate treatment. In this paper, authors investigate the use of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with extended Kalman filter for fetal ECG extraction from one ECG signal recorded at the abdominal areas of the mother’s skin. The abdominal ECG is considered to be composite as it contains both mother’s and fetus’ ECG signals. We use extended Kalman filter framework to estimate the maternal component from abdominal ECG. The maternal component in the abdominal ECG signal is a nonlinear transformed version of maternal ECG. ANFIS network has been used to identify this nonlinear relationship, and to align the estimated maternal ECG signal with the maternal component in the abdominal ECG signal. Thus, we extract the fetal ECG component by subtracting the aligned version of the estimated maternal ECG from the abdominal signal. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in extracting the fetal ECG component from abdominal signal at different noise levels. The proposed technique is also validated on the extraction of fetal ECG from both actual abdominal recordings and synthetic abdominal recording.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abboud S, Alaluf A, Einav S and Sadeh D 1992 Real-time abdominal fetal ECG recording using a hardware correlator. Comput. Biol. Med. 22: 325–335. doi: 10.1016/0010-4825(92)90021-E

  • Arias-Ortega R and Gaitán-González M J 2010 Single channel abdominal ECG algorithm for real-time maternal and fetal heart rate monitoring. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica 32: 111–118

  • Assaleh Khaled 2007 Extraction of fetal electrocardiogram using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 54: 59–68. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2006.883728

  • Assaleh Khaled and Hasan Al-Nashash 2005 A novel technique for the extraction of fetal ECG using polynomial networks. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 52: 1148–1152. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2005.844046

  • Callaerts D, De Moor B, Vandewalle J, Sansen W, Vantrappen G and Janssens J 1990 Comparison of SVD methods to extract the foetal electrocardiogram from cutaneous electrode signals. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 28: 217–224. doi: 10.1007/BF02442670

  • Camps G, Martinez M and Soria E 2001 Fetal ECG extraction using an FIR neural network. Comput. Cardiol. 2001. Vol 28 (Cat. No.01CH37287). doi: 10.1109/CIC.2001.977639

  • Camps-Valls Gustavo, Marcelino Martínez-Sober, Emilio Soria-Olivas, Rafael Magdalena-Benedito, Javier Calpe-Maravilla and Juan Guerrero-Martínez 2004 Foetal ECG recovery using dynamic neural networks. Artif. Intell. Med. 31: 197–209. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2004.03.005

  • Deans A C and Steer P J 1994 The use of the fetal electrocardiogram in labour. Br. J. Obstetrics Gynaecol. 101: 9–17

  • Ferrara E R and Widrow B 1982 Fetal electrocardiogram enhancement by time-sequenced adaptive filtering. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 29: 458–460. doi: 10.1109/TBME.1982.324973

  • Goldberger A L, Amaral L A, Glass L, Hausdorff J M, Ivanov P C, Mark R G, Mietus J E, Moody G B, Peng C K and Stanley H E 2000 PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation 101: E215–E220. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215

  • Hasan M A, Ibrahimy M I and Reaz M B I 2007 Techniques of FECG signal analysis: Detection and processing for fetal monitoring. WIT Trans. Biomed. Health 12: 295–305. doi: 10.2495/BIO070281

  • Kakar Manish, Håkan Nyström, Lasse Rye Aarup, Trine Jakobi Nøttrup and Dag Rune Olsen 2005 Respiratory motion prediction by using the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Phys. Med. Biol. 50: 4721–4728. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/19/020

  • Kanjilal P P, Palit S and Saha G 1997 Fetal ECG extraction from single-channel maternal ECG using singular value decomposition. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 44: 51–59. doi: 10.1109/10.553712

  • Khamene A and Negahdaripour S 2000 A new method for the extraction of fetal ECG from the composite abdominal signal. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 47: 507–516. doi: 10.1109/10.828150

  • De Lathauwer L, De Moor B and Vandewalle J 2000 Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by blind source subspace separation. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 47: 567–572. doi: 10.1109/10.841326

  • Manikandan Sabarimalai M and Soman K P 2012 A novel method for detecting R-peaks in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 7: 118–128. doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2011.03.004

  • McSharry Patrick E, Gari D Clifford, Lionel Tarassenko and Leonard A Smith 2003 A dynamical model for generating synthetic electrocardiogram signals. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 50: 289–294. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2003.808805

  • Mochimaru F 2002 Detecting the fetal electrocardiogram by wavelet theory-based methods. Prog. Biomed. Res. 7: 185–193

  • Moor B De, De Gersem P, De Schutter B, Favoreel W and Bart De Moor 1997 DAISY: A database for identification of systems. Journal A 38: 4–5

  • Nallathambi Gabriel and Student Member 2014 Integrate and fire pulse train automaton for QRS detection. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 61: 317–326

  • Niknazar Mohammad, Bertrand Rivet and Christian Jutten 2012 Fetal ecg extraction from a single sensor by a non-parametric modeling. In: 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2012), 949–953

  • Niknazar Mohammad, Bertrand Rivet and Christian Jutten 2013 Fetal ECG extraction by extended state Kalman filtering based on single-channel recordings. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 60: 1345–52. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2234456

  • Sameni Reza 2008 Extraction of fetal cardiac signals from an array of maternal abdominal recordings. Ph.D. thesis, Sharif University of Technology—Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble

  • Sameni Reza, Mohammad B Shamsollahi, Christian Jutten and Gari D Clifford 2007 A nonlinear Bayesian filtering framework for ECG denoising. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 54: 2172–2185. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2007.897817

  • Tal Y and Akselrod S 1989 Fetal heart rate detection by a special transform method. In: Proc. Comput. Cardiol. 275–278. doi: 10.1109/CIC.1989.130542

  • Welch Greg and Gary Bishop 2006 An introduction to the Kalman filter 7:1–16. doi: 10.1.1.117.6808

  • Zarzoso V and Nandi A K 2001 Noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction: Blind separation versus adaptive noise cancellation. IEEE Trans. Bio-med. Eng. 48: 12–18. doi: 10.1109/10.900244

  • Zarzoso V, Nandi A K and Bacharakis E 1997 Maternal and foetal ECG separation using blind source separation methods. IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol. 14: 207–225. doi: 10.1093/imammb/14.3.207

  • Zeng Yanjun, Shijin Liu and Jianhua Zhang 2008 Extraction of fetal ECG signal via adaptive noise cancellation approach. In: 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. doi: 10.1109/ICBBE.2008.899

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India

    D PANIGRAHY & P K SAHU

Authors
  1. D PANIGRAHY
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P K SAHU
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D PANIGRAHY.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

PANIGRAHY, D., SAHU, P.K. Extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) by extended state Kalman filtering and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based on single channel abdominal recording. Sadhana 40, 1091–1104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-015-0381-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-015-0381-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation