Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (β -LG) gene is suggested as a functional candidate gene for milk yield and milk composition. β-LG polymorphism has been reported to be associated with milk yield in cows, sheep and Indian goats. This study was performed to identify SNPs in exon 7 of β -LG gene and their association with milk traits in Iranian local Mahabadi goats using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and PCR-sequencing. Three SSCP patterns were observed with frequencies 0.678, 0.096 and 0.226, respectively. Subsequently, after sequencing each unique pattern nine novel mutations were identified. These mutations include: T InDel at nucleotide position 93 and substitutions T/C, T/G, T/C, G/T, T/G, T/C, G/A and A/T at nucleotide positions 99, 124, 126, 134, 147, 156, 176 and 177, respectively. Of these, seven mutations were same among the genotypic patterns while differences were related to T deletion and insertion (-/T) at nucleotide position 93 with frequencies 0.22 and 0.78 in the presence and absence of T allele, respectively; and substitution (A/T) at nucleotide position 177 with frequencies 0.16 and 0.84 for A and T alleles, respectively. Milk traits including milk production (gr), milk fat and protein (%) were also measured. These findings demonstrated that β -LG gene had a significant effect on milk protein percentage (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on milk production and milk fat percentage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aleandri R., Buttazzoni L. G. and Schnerder J. C. 1990 The effects of milk protein polymorphisms on milk components and cheeseproducing ability. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 241–255.
Aschaffenburg R. and Drewry J. 1955 Occurrence of different beta-lactoglobulins in cow’s milk. Nature 176, 218–219.
Chianese L., Portolano B., Pizzolongo F., Ferranti P., Addeo F. et al. 2000 The quality of Girgentata goat milk, pp. 946–949, in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Goat Tours, France L., Gruner and Y. Chabert (ed.) Institut de L’Elevage, Paris and INRA, Nouzilly, France.
El-Shazly S. A., Mahfouz M. E., Al-Otaibi S. A. and Ahmed M. M. 2012 Genetic polymorphism in β-lactoglobulin gene of some sheep breeds in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA and its influence on milk composition. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11, 4330–4337.
El-Hanafy A. A., El-Saadani M. A., Eissa M., Maharem G. M. and Khalifa Z. A. 2010 Polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in Barki and Damascus and their cross breed goats in relation to milk yield. Biotech. Anim. Husbandry 26, 1–12.
Elmaci C., Oner Y. and Balcioglu M. S. 2006 Genetic polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in native Turkish sheep breeds. Biochem. Genet. 44, 379–384.
Gaye P., Hue-Delhaie D., Mercier J. C., Soulier S., Vilotte J. L. and Furet J. P. 1985 Ovine β-lactoglobulin messenger RNA: nucleotide sequence and mRNA levels during functional differentiation of the mammary gland. Biochimie 67, 1097–1107.
Godovac-Zimmerman J., Krause I., Barany M., Fisher-Fruhloz S., Juszczak J., Erhardt G. et al. 1996 Isolation and rapid sequence characterization of two novel β-lactoglobulins I and II. J. Protein Chem. 5, 743–750.
Graziano M., D’Andrea M., Angiolillo A., Lagonigro R. and Pilla F. 2003 A new polymorphism in goat β-lactoglobulin promoter region. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 1, 65–68.
Iranpur M. and Esmailizadeh A. K. 2010 Rapid extraction of high quality DNA from whole blood stored at 4 ∘ C for long period. (ed. M. V. Iranpur and A. K. Esmailizadeh) http://www.protocol-online.org/cgi-bin/prot/page.cgi?g=print_page/4175.html.
Jain A., Gour D. S., Bisen P. S., Dubey P. P., Sharma D. K. and Tiwari R. P. 2012 Allele mining in β-lactoglobulin gene of capra hircus. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11, 11057–11064.
Jin Q. J., Sun J. J., Fang X. T., Zhang C. L., Yang L., Chen D. X. et al. 2010 Molecular characterization and polymorphisms of the caprine somatostatin (SST) and SST receptor 1 (SSTR1) genes that are linked with growth traits. Mol. Biol. Rep. 38, 3129–3135.
Kumar A., Rout P. K. and Roy R. 2006 Polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin gene in Indian goats and its effect on milk yield. J. Appl. Genet. 47, 49–53.
MacLeod A., Fedio W. M., Chu L. and Ozimek L. 1996 Binding of retinoic acid to β-lactoglobulin variants A and B: effect of tryptic digestion on protein–ligand complex. Milchwissenschaft 51, 3–7.
Ng-Kwai-Hang K. F. 1998 Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins: relationships with production traits, milk composition and technological properties. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 131–147.
Park Y. W. and Haenlein G. F. W. 2007 Goat milk, its products and nutrition. In Handbook of food products manufacturing (ed. Y. H. Hui). pp. 447–486. John Wiley, New York, USA.
Pena R. N., Sanchez A. and Folch J. M. 2000 Characterization of genetic polymorphism in the goat beta-lactoglobulin gene . J. Dairy Res. 67, 217–224.
Solaiman S. G. 2010 Goat science and production, pp. 3–6. John Wiley, New York, USA.
Supakorn C. 2009 The important candidate genes in goats—a review. Walailak J. Sci. Tech. 6, 17–36.
Tsiaras A. M., Bargouli G. G., Banos G. and Boscos C. M. 2005 Effect of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci on milk production traits and reproductive performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci 88, 327–334.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the University of Tehran, Iran. We thank all the members participated in this study. We also appreciate the effort of the anonymous reviewers whose critical comments helped to improve the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
[Gharedaghi L., Moradi Shahrbabak H. and Sadeghi M. 2016 Identification of novel SNP in caprine β-lactoglobulin gene. J. Genet. 95, xx–xx]
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
GHAREDAGHI, L., SHAHRBABAK, H.M. & SADEGHI, M. Identification of novel SNP in caprine β-lactoglobulin gene. J Genet 95, 485–490 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-016-0662-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-016-0662-x