Abstract
Zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation, urea hydrolysis, amorphous citrate and combustion synthesis methods. The zirconia surface was subsequently modified by grafting Ba 2+ species. The Ba 2+ modified zirconia (Ba/ZrO 2) materials were characterized using XRD, Fourier analysis, UV-vis-DRS, FESEM and HRTEM techniques. XRD study indicated selective stabilization of the tetragonal phase of zirconia in the presence of Ba 2+ species. Fourier line profile analysis of the XRD peaks revealed that the average crystallite size of the zirconia nanoparticles is in the range of 5-15 nm. The surface area, basicity and barium content of the material depend strongly on the method of synthesis. The Ba/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared by urea hydrolysis method exhibited higher surface area and barium content compared to other samples. The catalytic activity of the Ba/ZrO 2 catalyst was evaluated for synthesis of β-nitro alcohols and 2-amino 2-chromenes. The β-nitro alcohols were synthesized by condensation of aryl aldehydes and nitromethane. Similarly, the 2-amino 2-chromenes were synthesized by condensation of arylaldehydes, α-naphthol and malononitrile. The Ba/ZrO 2 catalyst was found to be highly efficient for synthesis of both classes of compounds providing excellent yield and purity of the products.
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We would like to thank Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), Mumbai for financial support.
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PRADHAN, S., SWARNIMA, K. & MISHRA, B.G. Ba/ZrO2 nanoparticles as efficient heterogeneous base catalyst for the synthesis of β-nitro alcohols and 2-amino 2-chromenes. J Chem Sci 128, 1119–1130 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1104-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1104-2