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RETRACTED ARTICLE: CXCR4 Signaling Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by PI3K/AKT and ERK Pathways in Glioblastoma

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This article was retracted on 27 February 2017

Abstract

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4, play an important role in tumor progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is linked to disease pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in EMT process of glioblastoma. In the present study, CXCR4 activation and inhibition in U87 were induced with exogenous SDF-1 and with CXCR4 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. CXCR4 downstream signal molecules AKT, ERK, and EMT biomarkers (vementin, snail, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin) were tested using the Western blot. Our results showed that SDF-1 can induce AKT and ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and endogenous CXCR4 can be blocked thoroughly by CXCR4 siRNA in U87. Notably SDF-1 alone treatment can induce the upregulation of vementin, snail, and N-cadherin of U87; besides, the downregulation of E-cadherin also occurred. On the contrary, CXCR4 siRNA significantly prohibited SDF-1-induced AKT and ERK phosphorylation, at the same time, EMT biomarker changes were not observed. Function analysis revealed that CXCR4 siRNA obviously interfered with U87 cell migration and proliferation, according to wound healing assay. In conclusion, this study suggested that EMT process can be triggered by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in glioblastoma, and then involved in the tumor cell invasion and proliferation via activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK pathway. Our study lays a new foundation for the treatment of glioblastoma through antagonizing CXCR4.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province Academy of Medical Sciences (2013015). We greatly thank other members of the Yang and Sandy Lab for their valuable suggestions and writing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China

    Baoyu Lv, Fengling Wang, Xuefen Tan & Kun Xu

  2. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Xiangshan Yang, Shunzeng Lv & Man Feng

  3. Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Shunzeng Lv, Ranran Shi, Huishu Song & Xiaochen Ma

  4. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Lei Wang & Ranran Shi

  5. Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Kaixi Fan, Jingjing Xie & Guangmei Wang

  6. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China

    Li Zhang

Authors
  1. Baoyu Lv
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  2. Xiangshan Yang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Zhang.

Additional information

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher per the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. The article shows evidence of irregularities in authorship during the submission process, there is strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised and the authors have plagiarized parts from the following article

Anyan Liao, Weijie Wang, Dawei Sun, Yuliang Jiang, Suqing Tian, Jinna Li, Xiangshan Yang, Ranran Shi, Bone morphogenetic protein 2 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition via AKT and ERK signaling pathways in gastric cancer, Tumor Biology April 2015, Volume 36, Issue 4, pp 2773–2778, DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2901-1 Received: 11 October 2014

In addition, the article shows similarities with the following arcle which was submitted within a close timeframe:

Hao Yu, Linlin Zhang, Peishu Liu, CXCR7 signaling induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition by AKT and ERK pathways in epithelial ovarian carcinomas, Tumor Biology March 2015, Volume 36, Issue 3, pp 1679–1683, DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2768-1 Received: 7 October 2014

The article “CXCR4 Signaling Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by PI3K/AKT and ERK Pathways in Glioblastoma” was received: : 15 September 2014

As such the validity of the content of this article cannot be verified.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0464-z.

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Lv, B., Yang, X., Lv, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: CXCR4 Signaling Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by PI3K/AKT and ERK Pathways in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 52, 1263–1268 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8935-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-014-8935-y

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