Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is one of the important bisphosphonates which is widely used in bone metastatic cancer and osteoporotic patients. In a few studies, it has been reported that treatment with bisphosphonates was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate the arrhythmias that developed during and immediately after infusion of the ZA. Fifty-two bone metastatic patients were included in the study group. All patients had 24-h Holter monitorization during the first dose ZA infusion day. All of the patients had 4-h basal cardiac rhythm records before ZA infusion and about 19 h after infusion. A short survey including demographic data and past medical history has been completed. None of patients had clinically important arrhythmias before ZA infusion. We divided arrhythmias into two groups as supraventricular and ventricular. We evaluated arrhythmias in pre-infusion, during infusion, and post-infusion periods. ZA was administered 4 mg intravenously (IV) in 15 min. Thirty-three of patients (63.5 %) were male and 19 (36.5 %) patients were female. Mean age of the patients was 53.9 ± 11.8 years. Most frequent cancers were breast (25 %) and lung cancer (15.3 %). Twelve (23 %) patients had history of mediastinal radiotherapy. In basal records, we detected that twenty-four (46 %) of patients had supraventricular premature complexes (SVPC) or ventricular premature complexes (VPC). Fifteen (28.8 %) of patients had SVPC and fourteen (26.9 %) had VPC during infusion period. After infusion period, 48 (92.3 %) of patients had SVPC and 41 (78.8 %) had VPC. Only 3 patients had no arrhythmia after infusion. Three patients had sinus arrhythmia and two had Mobitz type 2 atrioventricular blocks after infusion. One patient, who had no history of comorbidities and had SVPC in the basal records, developed atrial fibrillation that was refractory to medical cardioversion after 10 days of seventh dose of ZA infusion. In this study, we found that both SVPC and VPC increased in cancer patients treated with ZA. Furthermore, ZA may induce clinically important arrhythmias.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ibrahim A, Scher N, Williams G, et al. Approval summary for zoledronic acid for treatment of multiple myeloma and cancer bone metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:2394–9.
Abrahamsen B, Eiken P, Brixen K. Atrial fibrillation in fracture patients treated with oral bisphosphonates. J Intern Med. 2009;265:581–92.
Heckbert SR, Li G, Cummings SR, Smith NL, Psaty BM. Use of alendronate and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:826–31.
Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, et al. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1809–22.
Sorensen HT, Christensen S, Mehnert F, et al. Use of bisphosphonates among women and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter: population based case-control study. BMJ. 2008;336:813–6.
Bunch TJ, Anderson JL, May HT, et al. Relation of bisphosphonate therapies and risk of developing atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:824–8.
Erichsen R, Christiansen CF, Frøslev T, Jacobsen J, Sørensen HT. Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy and atrial fibrillation/flutter risk in cancer patients: a nationwide cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2011;105:881–3.
Wilkinson GS, Baillargeon J, Kuo YF, Freeman JL, Goodwin JS. Atrial fibrillation and stroke associated with intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in older patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4898–905.
Grosso A, Douglas I, Hingorani A, MacAllister R, Smeeth L. Oral bisphosphonates and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter in women: a self controlled case-series safety analysis. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e4720.
McClung M, Harris ST, Miller PD, et al. Bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis: benefits, risks, and drug holiday. Am J Med. 2013;126:13–20.
Lyles KW, Colón-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS, et al. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1799–809.
Arslan C, Aksoy S, Dizdar O, Dede DS, Harputluoglu H, Altundag K. Zoledronic acid and atrial fibrillation in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2011;19:425–30.
Loke YK, Jeevanantham V, Singh S. Bisphosphonates and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2009;32:219–28.
Frame LH, Page RL, Hoffman BF. Atrial reentry around an anatomic barrier with a partially refractory excitable gap. a canine model of atrial flutter. Circ Res. 1986;58:495–511.
Kamjoo K, Uchida T, Ikeda T, et al. Importance of location and timing of electrical stimuli in terminating sustained functional reentry in isolated swine ventricular tissues: evidence in support of a small reentrant circuit. Circulation. 1997;96:2048–60.
Antzelevitch C, Burashnikov A. Overview of basic mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2011;3:23–45.
Messineo FC. Ventricular ectopic activity: prevalence and risk. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:53J–6J.
Bigger JT Jr, Dresdale FJ, Heissenbuttel RH, Weld FM, Wit AL. Ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease: mechanism, prevalence, significance, and management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1977;19:255.
Kantor RJ, Garson A. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease. In: Podrid PJ, Kowey PR, editors. Cardiac arrhythmia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. p. 1131.
Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 1994;271:840–4.
Zhuang J, Wang Y, Tang K, et al. Association between left atrial size and atrial fibrillation recurrence after single circumferential pulmonary vein isolation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Europace. 2012;14:638–45.
Lainscak M, Dagres N, Filippatos GS, Anker SD, Kremastinos DT. Atrial fibrillation in chronic non-cardiac disease: where do we stand? Int J Cardiol. 2008;128:311–5.
Guo Y, Lip GY, Apostolakis S. Inflammation in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2263–70.
Takahashi N, Kume O, Wakisaka O, et al. Novel strategy to prevent atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. Circ J. 2012;76:2318–26.
Köroğlu S, Tuncer C, Acar G. Relation of inflammatory and oxidative markers to the occurrence and recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2012;40:499–504.
Du RH, Yi HW, Dai DZ, Tang WH, Dai Y. Inflammatory factors that contribute to upregulation of ERG and cardiac arrhythmias are suppressed by CPU86017, a class III antiarrhythmic agent. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60:1089–95.
Corrado A, Santoro N, Cantatore FP. Extra-skeletal effects of bisphosphonates. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74:32–8.
Wolf AM, Rumpold H, Tilg H, Gastl G, Gunsilius E, Wolf D. The effect of zoledronic acid on the function and differentiation of myeloid cells. Haematologica. 2006;91:1165–71.
Scheller EL, Hankenson KD, Reuben JS, Krebsbach PH. Zoledronic acid inhibits macrophage SOCS3 expression and enhances cytokine production. J Cell Biochem. 2011;112:3364–72.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yazici, O., Aksoy, S., Ucar, O. et al. Arrhythmias during and after zoledronic acid infusion patients with bone metastasis. Med Oncol 30, 609 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-013-0609-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-013-0609-5