Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Intestinal absorption and buccal absorption of liquid levothyroxine

  • Research Letter
  • Published:
Endocrine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. A. Garmendia Madiaraga, S. Santos Palacios, F. Guillén-Grima, J.C. Galofré, The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 923–931 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J.R. Garber, R.H. Cobin, H. Gharib, J.V. Hennessey, I. Klein, J.I. Mechanick, R. Pessah-Pollack, P.A. Singer, K.A. Woeber; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults, Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American association of clinical endocrinologists and the American thyroid association. Endocr. Pract. 18, 988–1028 (2012)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Colucci, C. Seng Yue, M. Ducharme, S. Benvenga, A review of the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Eur. Endocrinol. 9, 40–47 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Benvenga, When thyroid hormone replacement is ineffective? Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 20, 467–477 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Ianiro, F. Mangiola, T.A. Di Rienzo, S. Bibbò, F. Franceschi, A.V. Greco, A. Gasbarrini, Levothyroxine absorption in health and disease, and new therapeutic perspectives. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 18, 451–456 (2014)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Cappelli, I. Pirola, L. Daffini, A. Formenti, C. Iacobello, A. Cristiano, E. Gandossi, E. Agabiti Rosei, M. Castellano, A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of liquid thyroxine ingested at breakfast: results of the TICO study. Thyroid 26, 197–202 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Vita, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, S. Benvenga, A novel formulation of L-thyroxine (L-T4) reduces the problem of L-T4 malabsorption by coffee observed with traditional tablet formulations. Endocrine 43, 154–160 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Vita, S. Benvenga, Tablet levothyroxine (L-T4) malabsorption induced by proton pump inhibitor; a problem that was solved by switching to L-T4 in soft gel capsule. Endocr. Pract. 20, e38–e41 (2014)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Vita, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, S. Benvenga, Switching levothyroxine from the tablet to the oral solution formulation corrects the impaired absorption of levothyroxine induced by proton-pump inhibitors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 4481–4486 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Fallahi, S.M. Ferrari, S. Camastra, U. Politti, I. Ruffilli, R. Vita, G. Navarra, S. Benvenga, A. Antonelli, TSH normalization in bariatric surgery patients after the switch from L-thyroxine in tablet to an oral liquid formulation. Obes. Surg. 27(1), 78–82 (2017)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Vita, P. Fallahi, A. Antonelli, S. Benvenga, The administration of L-thyroxine as soft gel capsule or liquid solution. Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv 11, 1103–1111 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Virili, P. Trimboli, F. Romanelli, M. Centanni, Liquid and softgel levothyroxine use in clinical practice: state of the art. Endocrine 54, 3–14 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. A.M. Formenti, G. Mazziotti, R. Giubbini, A. Giustina, Treatment of hypothyroidism: all that glitters is gold? Endocrine 52, 411–413 (2016). doi:10.1007/s12020-016-0882-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. C.S. Yue, C. Scarsi, M.P. Ducharme, Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Arzneimittelforschung 62, 631–636 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. A.H. Shojaei, Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 1, 15–30 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. J.A. Bartlett, K. van der Voort Maarschalk, Understanding the oral mucosal absorption and resulting clinical pharmacokinetics of asenapine. AAPS PharmSciTech. 13, 1110–1115 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. J.H. McDermott, A. Coss, C.H. Walsh, Celiac disease presenting as resistant hypothyroidism. Thyroid 15, 386–388 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Amer, R. David, S.E. Oberfield, Necrotizing enterocolitis and hypothyroidism in a newborn infant: treatment with intravenous L-thyroxine. Am. J. Perinatol. 11, 30–32 (1994)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. B. Jauk, P. Mikosch, H.J. Gallowitsch, E. Kresnik, M. Molnar, I. Gomez, P. Lind, Unusual malabsorption of levothyroxine. Thyroid 10, 93–95 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. L. Wartofsky, Myxedema coma. In Werners and Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, ed. by L.E. Braverman, R.D. Utiger. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000), pp. 843–847

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Flavia Di Bari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

S.B. was an invited speaker at symposia organized by IBSA. The other authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Benvenga, S., Di Bari, F. Intestinal absorption and buccal absorption of liquid levothyroxine. Endocrine 58, 591–594 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1250-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1250-4

Navigation