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Periodontitis is associated with diabetic retinopathy in non-obese adults

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Abstract

Purpose

Patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. This study was performed to assess the relationship between periodontitis and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a large probability sample of the Korean population. A subgroup analysis was performed using body mass index <25 kg/m2 as the criterion to evaluate the effect of obesity on this relationship.

Methods

This study is based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Korean population, conducted between 2008 and 2010. The presence of diabetic retinopathy in relation to demographic variables and anthropometric characteristics of the participants is presented as means with their standard errors. The presence of periodontitis and presence of retinopathy categorized by body mass index (<25 and ≥25 kg/m2) were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between periodontitis and diabetic retinopathy after adjustment with variables, including age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes mellitus.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of periodontitis in individuals who had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy were 1.193 [0.757–1.881] for the whole population after adjustments with confounding factors. Subgroup analysis after adjustments with confounding factors showed that the odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] of prevalence were 2.206 [1.114–4.366] and 0.588 [0.326–1.061] among participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 and body mass index 37 ≥25 kg/m2, respectively.

Conclusions

The diabetic retinopathy was positively associated with the presence of periodontitis in non-obese diabetic Korean adults after adjustment with confounding variables. Our findings suggest that when a periodontist finds the presence of periodontitis in non-obese diabetic patients, timely evaluation of the patient’s ophthalmic evaluation should be 44 recommended.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing the data.

Funding

This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2014R1A1A1003106).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

      Su Jeong Song

    2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

      Seong-su Lee

    3. Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

      Kyungdo Han

    4. Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

      Jun-Beom Park

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    1. Su Jeong Song
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    All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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    Su Jeong Song and Seong-su Lee have contributed equally to this work.

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    Song, S.J., Lee, Ss., Han, K. et al. Periodontitis is associated with diabetic retinopathy in non-obese adults. Endocrine 56, 82–89 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-016-1215-z

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