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Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and sarcopenia

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Abstract

Sarcopenia is one of the leading causes of disability in the elderly. Despite the growing prevalence of sarcopenia, the molecular mechanisms that control aging-related changes in muscle mass are not fully understood. The ubiquitin proteasome system is one of the major pathways that regulate muscle protein degradation, and this system plays a central role in controlling muscle size. Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 are two E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important regulators of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will discuss: (i) aging-related changes to skeletal muscle structure and function; (ii) the regulation of protein synthesis and protein degradation by IGF-1, TGF-β, and myostatin, with emphasis on the control of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression; and (iii) the potential for modulating atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression to treat or prevent sarcopenia.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant AG024824 from the National Institute on Aging. The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA

    Jonathan P. Gumucio & Christopher L. Mendias

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Gumucio, J.P., Mendias, C.L. Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and sarcopenia. Endocrine 43, 12–21 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-012-9751-7

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