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Neuroprotective Effect of Atorvastatin Involves Suppression of TNF-α and Upregulation of IL-10 in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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Abstract

We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin (2, 5, and 10 mg/kg) on experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in adult rats; controls were administered PBS. Plasma TNF-α and IL-10 levels before and after ICH were analyzed at various time points by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neurological behavior of rats was assessed by climbing scores. At 3-days postoperatively, brain water contents and TNF-α/IL-10 expression in brain tissue were determined. Histopathological changes and microglial cells in the brain tissue were evaluated by light-microscopy. Post-ICH neurological deficits differed significantly between sham-operated group A and experimental-ICH group B (P < 0.05). Brain water contents were significantly less in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) between two groups were observed regarding activated microglia, TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Compared with group B, neurological deficits, brain water contents, pathological changes, and activated microglia were reduced (P < 0.05) in groups C (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 2 mg/kg), D (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 5 mg/kg) and E (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 10 mg/kg). Atorvastatin-induced a dose-dependent reduction of TNF-α and increase of IL-10 levels (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that atorvastatin improved neurofunctional rehabilitation in rats through the suppression of cytokines-mediated inflammatory response and attenuation of brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Professor Zhou for his technical support with animal care and picture processing. We also thank the Scientific Research Fund of Development and Reform Commission of Hunan province for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, The Brains Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China

    Tu Ewen, Liu Qiuting, Tang Chaogang, Tang Tao, Wu Jun, Tan Liming & Xiang Guanghong

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  1. Tu Ewen
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  2. Liu Qiuting
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  3. Tang Chaogang
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  4. Tang Tao
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  5. Wu Jun
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  6. Tan Liming
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  7. Xiang Guanghong
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Correspondence to Liu Qiuting.

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Ewen, T., Qiuting, L., Chaogang, T. et al. Neuroprotective Effect of Atorvastatin Involves Suppression of TNF-α and Upregulation of IL-10 in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Biochem Biophys 66, 337–346 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-012-9453-z

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