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Metabolomics and Trace Element Analysis of Camel Tear by GC-MS and ICP-MS

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Abstract

Camel tear metabolomics and elemental analysis are useful in getting the information regarding the components responsible for maintaining the protective system that allows living in the desert and dry regions. The aim of this study was to correlate that the camel tears can be used as artificial tears for the evaluation of dryness in the eye. Eye biomarkers of camel tears were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The major compounds detected in camel tears by GC-MS were alanine, valine, leucine, norvaline, glycine, cadaverine, urea, ribitol, sugars, and higher fatty acids like octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. GC-MS analysis of camel tears also finds several products of metabolites and its associated metabolic participants. ICP-MS analysis showed the presence of different concentration of elemental composition in the camel tears.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for funding this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Laboratory, Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Syed Rizwan Ahamad & Altaf Khan

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Raish & Faiyaz Shakeel

  3. Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Syed Hilal Yaqoob

  4. Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Faiyaz Shakeel

Authors
  1. Syed Rizwan Ahamad
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  2. Mohammad Raish
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  4. Altaf Khan
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  5. Faiyaz Shakeel
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Correspondence to Syed Rizwan Ahamad or Faiyaz Shakeel.

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Ahamad, S.R., Raish, M., Yaqoob, S.H. et al. Metabolomics and Trace Element Analysis of Camel Tear by GC-MS and ICP-MS. Biol Trace Elem Res 177, 251–257 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0889-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0889-7

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