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Associations of Maternal Urinary Cadmium with Trimester-Specific Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Role of Dietary Intake of Micronutrients

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Abstract

Previous studies revealed associations of urinary Cd (U-Cd), a chronic Cd exposure biomarker, with blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adults. However, the evidence regarding trimester-specific blood pressure in pregnancy and U-Cd and effect modification by dietary intake of micronutrients is scarce. We randomly selected 653 women from the Omega Study cohort. U-Cd was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trimester-specific, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were determined employing standard protocols and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also calculated. Associations of SBP, DBP, and MAP with U-Cd tertiles (≤0.21; 0.22–0.41; ≥0.42 μg/g Cr) were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. We also explored effect modification by pre-pregnancy BMI (≤25 or >25 kg/m2) or low/high micronutrients intake. After adjusting confounders in women with elevated (upper tertile) as compared with those with low (lowest tertile) U-Cd (≥0.42 vs. ≤0.21 μg/g Cr, respectively) had reduced third trimester MAP (−1.8; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = −3.1, −0.5 mmHg) and second trimester MAP (−1.1; 95 % CI = −2.3, −0.03 mmHg). A significant decrease in third-trimester MAP associated with increased U-Cd was observed only among normal/underweight women (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and women with high dietary intake of micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Notably, U-Cd concentrations increased with the increased consumption of zinc and non-heme iron food sources. No significant differences in U-Cd concentrations were found in preeclamptic women compared with non-preeclamptic women. Our study provides evidence that dietary intake of micronutrients should be taken into account when assessing the health effects of Cd in pregnant women.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by awards (R01HD-32562 and K01HL103174) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Osorio-Yáñez has been financially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT-México; 238130). The authors thank the staff of the Center for Perinatal Studies for their skillful technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Kresge 500, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    C. Osorio-Yañez, B. Gelaye & M. A. Williams

  2. Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    R. S. Miller, D. A. Enquobahrie & C. Qiu

  3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    D. A. Enquobahrie

  4. Environmental Health Department, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    A. A. Baccarelli

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  1. C. Osorio-Yañez
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  2. B. Gelaye
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  3. R. S. Miller
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  4. D. A. Enquobahrie
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  5. A. A. Baccarelli
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Correspondence to C. Osorio-Yañez.

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Osorio-Yañez, C., Gelaye, B., Miller, R.S. et al. Associations of Maternal Urinary Cadmium with Trimester-Specific Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Role of Dietary Intake of Micronutrients. Biol Trace Elem Res 174, 71–81 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0705-4

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