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Effects of Acute Dietary Iron Overload in Pigs (Sus scrofa) with Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have reported an association between high iron (Fe) levels and elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It is believed that the formation of Fe-catalyzed hydroxyl radicals may contribute to the development of diabetes. Our goal was to determine the effect of a diet with a high Fe content on type 2 diabetic pigs. Four groups of piglets were studied: (1) control group, basal diet; (2) Fe group, basal diet with 3,000 ppm ferrous sulfate; (3) diabetic group (streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes) with basal diet; (4) diabetic/Fe group, diabetic animals/3,000 ppm ferrous sulfate. For 2 months, biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. Tissue samples of liver and duodenum were obtained to determine mRNA relative abundance of DMT1, ferroportin (Fpn), ferritin (Fn), hepcidin (Hpc), and transferrin receptor by qRT-PCR. Fe group presented increased levels of hematological (erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) and iron parameters. Diabetic/Fe group showed similar behavior as Fe group but in lesser extent. The relative abundance of different genes in the four study groups yielded a different expression pattern. DMT1 showed a lower expression in the two iron groups compared with control and diabetic animals, and Hpc showed an increased on its expression in Fe and diabetic/Fe groups. Diabetic/Fe group presents greater expression of Fn and Fpn. These results suggest that there is an interaction between Fe nutrition, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the diabetes development.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Angelica Letelier and Amaya Oyarzún for technical assistance, and Maureen Middleton for helping with care and management of animals. This project was funded in part by (1) Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT)—Scholarship for Doctoral Thesis 2010; (2) Programa de Investigación Domeyko en Salud, Universidad de Chile—Scholarship Doctoral Thesis 2010; and (3) FONDECYT Grant 1110080 to MA

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  1. Micronutrient laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile

    A. Espinoza & M. Arredondo

  2. Department of Animal Production Development, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile

    S. Morales

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  1. A. Espinoza
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Correspondence to M. Arredondo.

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Espinoza, A., Morales, S. & Arredondo, M. Effects of Acute Dietary Iron Overload in Pigs (Sus scrofa) with Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res 158, 342–352 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9944-4

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