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Evaluation of Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Zinc in Biological Samples of Psoriasis Patients Living in Pakistani Cement Factory Area

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Abstract

Psoriasis is a noncontiguous common and chronic skin disorder. The aim of the present study was to compare the level of trace elements cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in biological samples (whole blood, urine, and scalp hair) of psoriasis patients of both gender age ranged (25–55 years) at mild, moderate severe, and more severe stage (n = 418) living in the vicinity of cement factory. For comparison purposes, healthy age-matched referent subjects, residents of industrial and non-industrial area, of both gender were also selected (n = 241). The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of methodology was checked by using certified reference materials (CRMs) and conventional wet acid digestion method on same CRMs and real samples. The results of this study showed that the mean values of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair, blood, and urine samples of mild and severe psoriasis patients as compared to referents (p < 0.001), while the concentration of Zn was lower in the scalp hair and blood, but higher in the urine samples of psoriasis patients. The deficiency of Zn in psoriasis patients may be undoubtedly caused by the toxic element exposures via cement factory.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan, for sponsoring this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Hassan Imran Afridi, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Naveed Kazi, Ghulam Abbas Kandhro, Jameel Ahmed Baig, Abdul Qadir Shah, Sumaira Khan, Nida Fatima Kolachi, Sham Kumar Wadhwa, Faheem Shah, Mohammad Khan Jamali & Mohammad Balal Arain

  2. School of Mechanical and Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Hassan Imran Afridi

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  1. Hassan Imran Afridi
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  2. Tasneem Gul Kazi
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Correspondence to Hassan Imran Afridi.

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Afridi, H.I., Kazi, T.G., Kazi, N. et al. Evaluation of Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Zinc in Biological Samples of Psoriasis Patients Living in Pakistani Cement Factory Area. Biol Trace Elem Res 142, 284–301 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8778-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8778-y

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