Abstract
In this work, a new approach for acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production has been proposed. Direct fermentation of native starches (uncooked process) was investigated by using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. Even the process was carried out under suboptimal condition for activity of GSHE, the production of ABE was similar with that observed in conventional process or cooked process in terms of final solvent concentration (21.3 ± 0.4 to 22.4 ± 0.4 g/L), butanol concentration (17.5 ± 0.4 to 17.8 ± 0.3 g/L) and butanol yield (0.33 to 0.37 g/g). The production of solvents was significantly dependent on the source of starches. Among investigated starches, corn starch was more susceptible to GSHE while cassava starch was the most resistant to this enzyme. Fermentation using native corn starch resulted in the solvent productivity of 0.47 g/L h, which was about 15 % higher than that achieved in cooked process. On the contrary, uncooked process using cassava and wheat starch resulted in the solvent productivity of 0.30 and 0.37 g/L h, which were respectively about 30 % lower than those obtained in cooked process. No contamination was observed during all trials even fermentation media were prepared without sterilization. During the fermentation using native starches, no formation of foam is observed. This uncooked process does not require cooking starchy material; therefore, the thermal energy consumption for solvent production would remarkably be reduced in comparison with cooked process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
EIA, U.S. Energy Information Administration (2011), International Energy Outlook 2011.
Wen, F., Nair, U. N., & Zhao, H. (2009). Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20, 412–419.
Dürre, P. (2007). Biotechnology Journal, 2, 1525–1534.
Jones, D. T., & Woods, D. R. (1986). Microbiology Reviews, 50, 484–524.
Dürre, P. (1998). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 49, 639–648.
Mitchell, W. J. (1998). Advance Microbiology Physiological, 39, 31–130.
Beesch, S. C. (1953). Applied Microbiology, 1, 85–96.
Wu, M., Wang, M., Liu, J. & Huo, H. (2007). Report ANL/ESD/07-10, Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy.
Wang, P., Singh, V., Xue, H., Johnston, D. B., Rausch, K. D., & Tumbleson, M. E. (2007). Cereal Chemistry Journal, 84, 10–14.
Robertson, G. H., Wong, D. W. S., Lee, C. C., Wagschal, K., Smith, M. R., & Orts, W. J. (2006). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 353–365.
Lee, S. Y., Park, J. H., Jang, S. H., Nielsen, L. K., Kim, J., & Jung, K. S. (2008). Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 101, 209–228.
Patent US20080199927A1, 2008
Lee, T. M., Ishizaki, A., Yoshino, S., & Furukawa, K. (1995). Biotechnological Letters, 17, 649–654.
Tashiro, Y., Takeda, K., Kobayashi, G., Sonomoto, K., Ishizaki, A., & Yoshino, S. (2004). Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 98, 263–268.
Holm, J., Björck, I., Drews, A., & Asp, N. G. (1986). Starch-Starke, 38, 224–226.
Thang, V. H., Kanda, K., & Kobayashi, G. (2010). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 161, 157–170.
Svihus, B., Uhlenb, A. K., & Harstad, O. M. (2005). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122, 303–320.
Chinnaswamy, R., & Hanna, M. A. (1988). Cereal Chemistry, 65, 138–143.
Charles, A. L., Chang, Y. H., Ko, W. C., Sriroth, K., & Huang, T. C. (2005). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 2717–2725.
Defloor, I., Dehing, I., & Delcour, J. A. (1998). Starch-Starke, 50, 58–64.
Biebl, H. (1999). Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 115–120.
Shariffa, Y. N., Karim, A. A., Fazilah, A., & Zaidul, I. S. M. (2009). Food Hydrocolloids, 23, 434–4440.
Li, J., Vasanthan, T., & Bressler, D. C. (2012). Carbohydrate Polymers, 87, 1649–1656.
Uthumporn, U., Zaidul, I. S. M., & Karim, A. A. (2010). Food Bioproducts Process, 88, 47–54.
Robertson, G. H., Wong, D. W. S., Lee, C. C., Wagschal, K., Smith, M. R., & Orts, W. J. (2006). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 353–365.
Oates, C. G. (1997). Trends in Food Science and Technology, 8, 375–382.
Naguleswaran, S., Li, J., Vasanthan, T., Bressler, D., & Hoover, R. (2012). Carbohydrate Polymers, 88, 864–874.
Rao, M. A., & Tattiyakul, J. (1999). Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 123–132.
Yuan, Y., Zhang, L., Dai, Y., & Yu, J. (2007). Journal of Food Engineering, 82, 436–442.
Naguleswaran, S., Vasanthan, T., Hoover, R., & Bressler, D. (2013). Food Research International, 51, 771–782.
Asare, E. K., Jaiswal, S., Maley, J., Baga, M., Sammynaiken, R., Rossnagel, B. G., et al. (2011). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 4743–4754.
Dhital, S., Shrestha, A. K., & Gidley, M. J. (2010). Carbohydrate Polymers, 82, 480–488.
Salman, H., Blazek, J., Lopez-Rubio, A., Gilbert, E. P., Hanley, T., & Copeland, L. (2009). Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 420–427.
Sharma, V., Rausch, K. D., Tumbleson, M. E., & Singh, V. (2007). Starch-Starke, 59, 549–556.
Zhang, G., Ao, Z., & Hamaker, B. R. (2006). Slow digestion property of native cereal starches. Biomacromolecules, 7, 3252–3258.
Cervantes-Martínez, A., Saint-Jalmes, A., Maldonado, A., & Langevin, D. (2005). Journal of Colloid Interface Sciences, 292, 544–547.
Holden, T. F., Aceto, N. C., & Schoppet, E. F. (1964). Journal of Dairy Science, 47, 359–364.
Bryant, D. L., & Blaschek, H. P. (1988). Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 3, 49–55.
Acknowledgments
This work was financed by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), grant number P08102. The authors would like to thank Genencor International (Palo Alto, CA) for giving GSHE (Stargen 001) as a gift.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thang, V.H., Kobayashi, G. A Novel Process for Direct Production of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol from Native Starches Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172, 1818–1831 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0620-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0620-5