Abstract
Background
The toxicity of anticancer agents and the difficulty in delivering drugs selectively to tumor cells pose a challenge in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in addressing some of the barriers to drug delivery, including MDR in cancer, by utilizing alternate routes of cellular entry and targeted delivery of drugs and genes. However, it is unclear whether doxorubicin (Dox) can be delivered by nanotechnologic approaches.
Questions/Purposes
We asked whether (1) Dox-loaded lipid-functionalized dextran-based biocompatible nanoparticles (Dox/NP) can reverse MDR, (2) Dox/NP has more potent cytotoxic effect on MDR tumors than poly(ethylene glycol)-modified liposomal Dox (PLD), and (3) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) small interfering RNA loaded in these nanoparticles (siMDR1/NP) can modulate MDR.
Methods
To create stable Dox/NP and siMDR1/NP, we used two different lipid-modified dextran derivatives. The effect of Dox or Dox/NP was tested on drug-sensitive osteosarcoma (KHOS) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cell cultures in triplicate and their respective MDR counterparts KHOSR2 and SKOV-3TR in triplicate. We determined the effects on drug retention, transfection efficacy of siMDR1/NP, and P-glycoprotein expression and the antiproliferative effect between Dox/NP and PLD in MDR tumor cells.
Results
Fluorescence microscopy revealed efficient uptake of the Dox/NP and fluorescently tagged siMDR1/NP. Dox/NP showed five- to 10-fold higher antiproliferative activity at the 50% inhibitory concentration than free Dox in tumor cells. Dox/NP showed twofold higher activity than PLD in MDR tumor cells. siMDR1/NP (100 nM) suppressed P-glycoprotein expression in KHOSR2.
Conclusions
Dextran-lipid nanoparticles are a promising platform for delivering Dox and siRNAs.
Clinical Relevance
Biocompatible dextran-based nanoparticles that are directly translatable to clinical medicine may lead to new potential therapeutics for reversing MDR in patients with cancer.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Michiro Susa and Dr. Henry Mankin for helpful discussions, Dr. Lingling Zhang and Dr. Sampath C. Abeylath for technical assistance, and Dr. Efstathios S. Gonos (National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece) for providing the human OS cells line KHOS and the MDR (P-gp)-expressing cell line KHOSR2.
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The institution of one or more of the authors certifies that they have received during the study period funding from grants from the National Cancer Institute/NIH (UO1-CA 151452) (MMA, ZD), Gattegno and Wechsler Funds (FJH, ZD), Kenneth Stanton Fund for Sarcoma (Nashua, NH, USA) (FJH, ZD), Sarcoma Foundation of America (Damascus, MD, USA) (ZD), and The Chordoma Foundation (Durham, NC, USA) (ZD). Each author certifies that he or she, or a member of his or her immediate family, has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request.
This work was performed at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) and Northeastern University (Boston, MA, USA).
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Kobayashi, E., Iyer, A.K., Hornicek, F.J. et al. Lipid-functionalized Dextran Nanosystems to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: A Pilot Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471, 915–925 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-012-2610-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-012-2610-2